有棱丝瓜的氮、磷、钾适用量研究

丝瓜是华南地区重要瓜类蔬菜品种,为获得其合理的氮、磷、钾肥施用量,拟通过珠江三角洲3个代表性蔬菜基地开展丝瓜氮、磷、钾肥效田间试验,获得肥料效应方程,求取最佳施肥量。试验结果表明,丝瓜获得高产和高效益要求氮、磷、钾合理配施;佛山、江门、广州3个试验点的理论施肥量N分别为15.0、23.0、12.5 kg/667 m^2;P2O5分别为11.0、11.0、8.0 kg/667 m^2;K2O分别为16.0、17.0、13.0 kg/667 m^2;氮、磷、钾肥施用量与试验地土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量有关,也与该地区产量水平的高低有关;一元二次效应方程中,3个试验点均是N效应的显著度相对最高;二元二次效应方程中,NP和NK效应的显著度较高,PK效应的显著度较低,说明氮素用量对丝瓜产量的影响大于磷素和钾素;3个试验点的三元二次效应方程中有2个达到极显著水平,说明试验结果基本可信。

Suitable Application Amounts of N,P and K Fertilizers on (L.) Roxb

Luffa Luffa acutangula（L.） Roxb.] was an important gourd vegetable in southern China. In order to study reasonable application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers, this paper carried out field fertilizer test in three representative vegetable bases of Pearl River Delta, and obtained fertilizer effect equations, then got optimum fertilization amounts. The results showed that, high yield and high benefit could be obtained when nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers were reasonably applied together on luffa, and the application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers were related with contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potash in soil of the test bases, and also associated with yield level of the test area. For the three representative vegetable bases in Foshan, Jiangmen and Guangzhou, the theoretical application amounts of N fertilizer were 15.0, 23.0 and 12.5 kg/667 m^2 respectively, and the theoretical application amounts of P2O5 fertilizer were 11.0, 11.0, 8.0 kg/667 m^2, while the K2 O fertilizer amounts were16.0, 17.0, 13.0 kg/667 m^2. Among the nine unitary quadratic equations, we found that F values between N fertilizer amount and yield were the highest respectively in the three test sites. Among the nine binary quadratic equations, the F values between N and P fertilizer amounts and yield, and between N and K fertilizer amounts and yield were higher than those between P and K fertilizer amounts and yield, indicating that the effects of N fertilizer amount on luffa yield was greater than P fertilizer and K fertilizer. Two of the three ternary quadratic equations reached extremely significant level,indicating that the test results were basically credible.