长期定位施肥对设施黄瓜肥料利用率的影响

通过8a来对8个不同施肥方式进行定位试验,研究了大棚黄瓜对氮磷钾肥的当季利用率和累积利用率。试验结果表明,在施氮量相同的情况下,常量施用有机肥配合化肥的处理黄瓜肥料利用率最高,氮、磷、钾利用率分别为63.2%,28.5%,53.6%。氮肥利用率大小顺序为：MNPK〉NPK〉NK〉1.5MNPK〉N〉NP。养分不均衡处理N、NK、PK对肥料的利用率均很低。磷肥的当季利用率要小于氮肥,但前5a有一定的累加效应。磷肥利用率大小顺序为MNPK〉NPK〉1.5MNPK〉NP〉PK。钾肥利用率大小顺序为MNPK〉1.5MNPK〉NPK〉NP〉NK。肥料用量愈大,肥料利用率愈低,MNPK处理的肥料使用量是1.5MNPK处理的67%,而该处理的N、P、K的平均当季利用率分别是1.5MNPK处理的1.8倍、1.9倍、1.2倍。

Effect of Long-term Fertilization on Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency of Protected Cucumber

8-year long-term fertilization experiments in fluvor aquic soil were carried out in protected field. Comparison of eight treatments of fertilization including fertilizers on fertilizer utilization efficiency in protected cucumber were studied. The results showed that at the same nitrogen applied rate, the NFUE, PFUE and KFUE of cucumbers in green house were the highest, 63.2%, 28.5% and 53.6% in MNPK fertilization treatments. The order of NFUE was MNPKNPKNK 1.5MNPKNNP. In nutrient imbalanced treatments, the FUE were very low. The PFUE was less than the NFUE in MNPK, NPK treatments accumulated during 5 years. The order of PFUE was MNPKNPK1.5MNPKNPPK. The order of KFLTE was MNPK1.5MNPKNPKNPNK. With the increasing of the amount of manure and fertilizer applied, the FUE decreased. The NUE, PFUE and KFUE in 1.5MNPK treatment were 1.8, 1.9 and 1.2 times of that in MNPK treatment, in other wise the rate were only 67% of that in 1.5MNPK.