辣(甜)椒游离小孢子培养中的雄核发育和胚胎发生

对灯笼、牛角、羊角、线形和朝天椒等辣(甜)椒游离小孢子的培养与观察表明：在雄核发育过程中，分离后仍膨大的小孢子能够继续发育，皱缩的则死亡；小孢子最初的细胞分裂有均等和不均等两种分裂方式；脱分化的小孢子可经历胚胎发生和器官发生两种发育途径，二者之间可相互转换；胚胎发生过程与合子胚发育过程极相似，直到心形胚以前均可观察到胚柄的存在；成熟的胚状体能够萌发，但胚根端生长的能力远远比胚芽端强；观察到胚状体发生不同步及多种畸形发育样式；小孢子在分裂早期如果突破花粉壁会形成薄壁细胞团，继续发育为愈伤组织，进而转向器官发生途径；小孢子愈伤组织易形成不定根，可形成次生胚状体，未观察到不定芽的发生。不同类型辣(甜)椒游离小孢子的雄核发育与胚胎发生程序相同。

Androgenesis and Embryogenesis in Isolated Microspore Culture of Capsicum annuum L.

Androgenesis and embryogenesis were observed in isolated microspore culture of Capsicum annuum L. Different fruit type of sweet and hot pepper were used as experimental material. The results indicated that after pretreatment and isolation the microspores expanded in volume were able to develop while the shrivelled ones were dead and that the first sporophytic division was symmetric or asymmetric. It was also observed that the dedifferentiated microspores have two developmental pathways: embryogenesis and organogenesis and the two pathways could change each other in developmental process. Embryogenesis course of microspores was similar to that occurred in zygotic embryogenesis. Suspensor- like structure was observed before and during heart embryo stage. Matured embryoid could germinate but the root tip growth more easily than shoot tip. Embryogenesis of microspores was strong asynchrony and there were many abnormality occurred in every stage of entirely process; when a divisional microspore was breakthrough the cell wall in early stage, it changed to thin-walled cell and then divided to form callus. It was showed that some of microspore-derived callus differentiated secondary embryoids but not adventitious buds although adventitious root differentiation was easily occurred from the callus. Androgenesis and embryogenesis of isolated microspores were similar in different type of Capsicum annuum L.