榨菜胞质雄性不育及其农艺性状的研究

榨菜（ＢｒａｓｓｉｃａｊｕｎｃｅａＣｏｓｓ．ｔｕｍｉｄａＴｓｅｎｅｔＬｅｅ）胞质雄性不育系的雄蕊形态有两种类型：１）雄蕊无花药结构；２）雄蕊花药瘦小而干瘪。不育系雄性器官败育时期有两种类型：１）孢子体败育型；２）配子体败育型，属小孢子发育受阻。不育系雄蕊内源激素ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量随花器发育而极缓慢地增长，在花盛开时，每枚雄蕊分别为８．０ｎｇ和２２．４ｎｇ，近保持系的１／４和１／６，出现明显的ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量亏损现象。雄性不育率和不育度均为１００％，不育性世代稳定。不育系９０％的植株雌蕊育性正常，人工授粉后平均单果结籽１４．６粒，比保持系多１．２粒。其余１０％的植株其雌蕊部分不育。在保持系为父本进行自然授粉条件下，不育系单株种子产量７．２ｇ，较正常株高１６．６％。不育系经济性状优良，基本达到保持系和栽培品种水平。

A Study on Fertility and Agronomic Characters of CMS Lines for Tuber Mustard

Two types of stamen were observed for cytoplasmic male-sterile lines (CMS lines) of tuber mustard(Brassicajuncea Coss. tumida Tsen et Lee) : 1) stamen without anther structure; 2) stamen with slim and degenerative anther.Abortion of male-organs were on two stages: 1) sporophytic abortion, 2) gametophytic abortion. Endogenous IAA, ZT contents in CMS stamens increased slightly as flower bud developed. On full-bloom stage, IAA, ZT contents per CMS stamen were 8.0ng and 22.4ng,approximately one fourth and one sixth amount of that in maintainer lines (ML). It showed significant IAA,ZT deficency.Both the rate and the degree of male-sterility for CMS lines reached one hundred percentage. In addition, its male-sterility was generation stable. 90 percent of CMS plants possessed normal pistils with average 14.6 seeds per silque after artificial pollination, whereas 10 Percent pistis of CMS plants proved partial female sterility. Under natural pollination,seed yield of single plant amounted to 7.29,16.6 percent higher than that for normal plants.However, CMS lines were featured by superior economic characters, nearly equivalent to its ML and cultivars.