果树砧穗互作研究进展

果树砧穗互作相关机理的研究对于揭示嫁接亲和性、营养平衡以及信号调控器官形态建成具有重要意义。综述了果树砧穗互作相关机制,并指出目前存在问题和未来发展方向。研究表明:(1)砧穗间细胞正确识别和信息交流是嫁接正常愈合的关键,生理生化代谢物质也影响嫁接体的愈合;(2)嫁接体成活后,砧木直接影响接穗营养水平,接穗调控砧木根系生长发育并产生反馈作用,砧穗间内源激素含量及比例和一些可远距离传递的信号物质参与调控嫁接体发育过程;(3)嫁接杂交为果树育种提供新的方向。未来应进一步研究内源激素如何调控嫁接愈合及嫁接体营养运输、远距离移动的信号物质和嫁接遗传物质改变的分子机制。

Research Progress on the Interaction Between Scion and Rootstock in Fruit Trees

Grafting,an old plant propagation practice,is still widely used in fruit trees,which can improve horticulture traits,such as fruit yield and quality,abiotic and biotic stress,and scion phenotypes.The research progresses on the interaction between scion and rootstock in fruit trees were reviewed in this paper,and their limitation and promising application prospect were also summarized at the end.Previous studies have shown three aspects as follows.(1) Grafting compatibility required for plant cell-to-cell trafficking and communication via the intercellular connections.The physiological and biochemical metabolisms between rootstock and scion also have certain impacts on graft healing.(2) The interaction between scions and rootstock may involve reducing the size of the root system,or the graft junction itself may restrict the flow of water,nutrients and minerals.Endogenous hormone can modify plant growth and increase stress resistance.Some of the proteins and RNA are involved in long distance transmission signal regulating the plant development.(3) Graft hybridization provides a new direction for fruits breeding.Understanding the interaction between scions and rootstock will shed light on graft compatibility and may help us to understand the potential signals regulating growth or stress resistance.In addition,we should illustrate how the endogenous hormone regulates healing progress and nutrient transfer of grafted union.Also,the molecular mechanism of long distance transmission signals and genetic exchange between scion and rootstock is needed to be clear in the future.