苹果种质资源枝干轮纹病抗性评价

将田间自然发病抗性鉴定法与利用苹果轮纹病菌ZZ26人工接种枝条鉴定法相结合,对189份栽培种苹果种质资源进行了苹果轮纹病综合抗性鉴定,并根据抗病性鉴定结果对其进行抗病类型分类和评价。结果表明:不同苹果种质资源抗病性表现存在差异,但参试种质中未发现免疫种质。通过人工接种,189份苹果种质资源的抗病类型可分为:高抗(16个);中抗(75个);中感(81个);高感(17个)。通过田间调查,2012年得到抗病类型3种,即高抗(144个);中抗(44个);中感(1个)。2013年同样是3个抗病类型:高抗(14个);中抗(162个);中感(13个)。两年调查均无高感品种。2017年再次调查,结果显示田间调查与人工接种鉴定结果有随种植年限增加一致率逐渐提高的趋势,2012年为13.23%,2013年为38.62%,2017年则超过一半,达到57.14%。经过综合抗性筛选,最终得到表现一致性较好的高抗种质2份:北之幸和秦冠。

Evaluation of Resistance to Apple Ring Rot in Malus Germplasms

One hundred and eighty-nine Malus germplasms accessions were tested by use the method of artificial inoculating branches identification with ZZ26 and field identification in their resistance to Apple ring rot.Based on these identification results,the resistance of the germplasms was classified and assessed.The results showed that there were significant difference in the resistance among accessions and no Malus germplasm tested was found immune to Apple ring rot.By artificial inoculation,the 189 Malus germplasms were grouped into four groups of 16 highly resistant,75 medium resistant,81 medium susceptible and 17 highly susceptible varieties.By field identification,that of all the germplasms were grouped into three groups and 144 accessions were highly resistant,44 medium resistant,1 medium susceptible in 2012,and 14 accessions were highly resistant,162 medium resistant,13 medium susceptible in 2013.No highly susceptible germplasm was found in two years.Another investigation in 2017,the results showed that the consistency rate of field identification and artificial inoculation identification improved with plantation age increasing gradually,and 13.23％ in 2012,38.62％ in 2013,and reached 57.14％ in 2017.With comprehensive disease resistance screening,we got better consistency germplasms of 2 highly resistant were Kitanosach and Qinguan.