不同菜豆品种4种抗营养因子水平差异分析

菜豆中植物凝集素、皂苷、胰蛋白酶抑制剂和植酸等抗营养因子是引起菜豆食物中毒的内源物。以56份食荚菜豆品种为材料,测定了鲜荚中4种抗营养因子含量或活性。结果表明,供试菜豆品种群体4种抗营养因子水平均存在极显著差异。植物凝集素含量(均值为1.743 mg·g~(-1))和胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性(均值为1.680 mg·g~(-1))变异系数均在100%以上,品种频率分布曲线主峰明显,但在极高和极低区域均有品种间断分布,出现了品种水平的数量等级差异;皂苷含量(均值为3.730 mg·g~(-1))和植酸含量(均值为3.102 mg·g~(-1))变异系数均低于41%,品种频率分布曲线呈近正态分布,主峰明显,双尾有低频率连续分布。相关分析表明,植物凝集素含量与胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性呈极显著正相关。聚类分析将供试56份菜豆品种划分为3个品种群,近80%品种聚于抗营养因子中等水平品种群,近12%品种居于较低水平。由于菜豆植物凝集素是食用致毒性的主要内源物,同时其和胰蛋白酶抑制剂等均与菜豆田间抗病虫性密切相关,预示着筛选出极低水平植物凝集素的菜豆品种是可行的,但同时可能会降低其田间抗病虫性。

The Diversity of Four Anti-nutritional Factors in Kidney Bean

Anti-nutritional factors such as lectins，saponin，trypsin inhibitor and phytic acid are endogenous substances in kidney bean（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）. In this study，the contents or activities of these four anti-nutritional factors in fresh pods were detected in 56 selected cultivars. The results revealed significant difference of each factor in the tested cultivar population. The mean value of lectin content and the activity of trypsin inhibitor was 1.743 mg · g-1 and 1.680 mg · g-1 respectively. Their coefficients of variation（CV）were both more than 100% and each of the cultivar frequency distribution curve showed a main peak，but the discontinuous distributions in the extremely high and low areas indicate hierarchic cultivars. However，the content of saponin（mean value 3.730 mg · g-1）and phytic acid（mean value 3.102 mg · g-1）were with CV less than 41%. Each showed a main peak in its normal distribution curve and low frequency continuous distribution in dual tails. Meanwhile，statistic analysis demonstrated a positivecorrelation between the lectin content and trypsin inhibitor activity in fresh pods. Furthermore，all tested 56 cultivars clustered into three groups based on their level of four anti-nutritional factors，80% of them into medium level group，12% of them into low level group. The endogenous edible toxic compounds，such as lectin and trypsin inhibitor，are closely related to the insect resistance in field. This study suggested that it is possible to screen the cultivars contain less lectin and other factors but with reduced the pest resistance in field.