苹果矮化自根砧嫁接苗繁育技术研究

 研究了田间条件下苹果矮化砧木苗和自根砧嫁接苗繁育的农艺参数。结果表明：锯末堆埋对砧木生根效果明显好于土和废弃菌棒，砧木生根率和生产量分别为87.33%和124 854 株 · hm^-2；6 月1日和7 月1 日基质堆埋对砧木生根效果明显好于5 月1 日和8 月1 日，砧木生根率分别达到80.33%和87.33%，砧木生产量分别达到121 172 和124 854 株 · hm^-2；矮化砧木G41、M9、Pajam1 和T337 在锯末基质中表现出较强的生根能力，生根率均达到80%以上，明显好于Pajam2 和M26；栽植密度分别为75 000和90 000 株 · hm^-2 的小区，嫁接苗生产量分别为65 110 株和68 670 株 · hm^-2，显著高于栽植密度分别为60 000 株和105 000 株 · hm^-2 的小区；秋季嫁接‘富士’品种的生长量和嫁接苗生产量显著高于春季，其侧枝数、干径和生产量分别为11.44 个、13.77 mm、和68 670 株 · hm^-2。论：在苹果矮化自根砧嫁接苗繁育中，矮化砧木繁育用锯末在6 月1 日-7 月1 日堆埋，砧木品种可选G41、M9、Pajam1 和T337，苗圃中砧木栽植密度为75 000 ~ 90 000 株 · hm^-2，在栽植当年的秋季嫁接‘富士’，第2 年出圃嫁接苗生产量达到65 110 ~ 68 670 株 · hm^-2

Propagation Studies of Self-rooted Dwarf Grafted Apple Trees

Established experimental stool beds and nursery to study the cultivation conditions for efficient propagation of dwarf rootstock liners and dwarf apple trees,respectively.The propagation efficiencies of dwarf rootstock liners were evaluated in three replicates in stool beds with six different cultivars,three different mounding materials and four different mounding times.In parallel,the propagation efficiency of dwarf apple trees was investigated in nursery with four different planting densities and two budding times.We evaluated the rooting rate,liners productivity,budding survival rate,number of branches,trunk diameter and grafted trees productivity of the tested material.In the stool bed experiment,we observed that the rooting rate and productivity of rootstock mounded by sawdust were respectively 87.33% and 124 854 plants per hectare,significantly higher than those mounded by soil and mushroom residues;And the rooting rates and productivities of rootstock mounded on June 1 st and July 1 strespectively reached 80.33% and 87.33%,and 121 172 and 124 854 plants per hectare,significantly better than that mounted on May 1 st and August 1 st.The dwarf rootstocks ofG41,M9,Pajam1 and T337 in sawdust showed stronger rooting abilities(above 80%),better than Pajam2 and M26.In the nursery experiment,we observed that highly feathered finished trees with the planting densities of 75 000 and 90 000 liners per hectare produced 65 110 and 68 670 trees respectively,significantly better than what were produced from the planting densities of 60 000 and 105 000 liners per hectare.We also observed that the number of branches,stem diameter,and yield of finished tree budded in fall were respectively 11.44,13.77 mm,and 68 670 liners per hectare,all better than the corresponding parameters from the trees budded in spring.From these results,we concluded that dwarf apple trees and dwarf rootstock liners should be propagated with mother plants mounded by sawdust during June 1~st to July 1 st ;G41,M9,Pajam1 and T337 should be selected as mother liners;And the planting densities of liners in nursery should be from 75 000 to 90 000 liners per hectare.In addition,scion budding time should be done in fall,and then 65 110 to 68 670 grafted trees per hectare can be ready for planting in orchard next year.