白菜2n配子诱导及有性多倍化创制四倍体的研究

以165份白菜(2n=2x=20)品系中筛选出的11份含2n配子较高的株系为材料,用不同浓度秋水仙素处理花蕾,诱导2n配子;以其为父本,以四倍体雄性不育系为母本进行有性多倍化杂交,从F1中筛选鉴定四倍体。结果表明:用0.20%秋水仙素5~10μL微量注射3mm的二倍体白菜花蕾,处理1次,诱导2n配子效果最好,2n配子频率达20.20%,是未经秋水仙素处理对照的3.63倍。80株杂交F1中,染色体计数显示14株为四倍体(2n=4x=40),占17.5%。与二倍体相比,有性多倍化获得的四倍体在植株形态、气孔、花器官等方面均表现巨大性,气孔密度和结实率降低。

Studies on the Induction of 2n Gamete in Chinese Cabbage and the Production of Tetraploid by Sexual Polyploidization

Taking 11 strains screened from 165 cabbages（2n = 2x = 20）as the materials，which contain the 2n gamete，and the buds of them were treated with different concentration of the colchicines to induce the production of higher 2n gamete；The sexual polyploidization were carried out by the female parent of the tetraploid male-sterile line and it，and the tetraploid was obtained by screening the F1 progeny. Results show that：The optimum condition for the induction of 2n gamete was injecting 5–10 μL 0.20% colchicine into the bud at 3 mm length for once time. The induction frequency of 2n male gamete was 20.20%，which was 3.63 times of the control，untreated with colchicin processing of the plants. In the 80 F1 hybrid progeny，14 plants were identified as tetraploid plants（2n = 4x = 40）by chromosome counting technology. The ratio was about 17.5%. Compared with the diploid plant，the production of tetraploid by sexual polyploidization showed gigantism in plant，stomata，and flowering organs，while the density of stomata and fecundity were decreased remarkably.