树莓部分野生种及栽培品种花粉亚显微形态的比较

用扫描电镜对树莓属有育种潜力的分属于空心莓组和木莓组8个野生种及从国外引进的分属于黑莓种群和树莓种群的17个栽培品种共25份材料的花粉形态进行了系统观察和比较分析。 结果表明：所观察树莓花粉均为长球形或超长球形（P/E为1.67~2.26），大小多为25.52 μm × 15.37 μm ~50.06 μm × 25.65 μm。花粉外壁纹饰在组内和栽培种群内有一定的相似性，但同时变异丰富，在不同种之间、甚至在不同品种之间区别明显。空心莓组的5个种和树莓种群的品种的外壁纹饰以条纹—穿孔状为主，黑莓种群的品种主为条纹状和条纹—穿孔状，与木莓组的3个种的差异较大。聚类分析结果表明，花粉大小和外壁纹饰特征可基本反映树莓属下组及栽培种群的划分，树莓种群品种与空心莓组的插田泡和茅莓的亲缘关系较近；而黑莓种群与木莓组的3个有果用育种潜力的任一种的亲缘关系较远。

Comparative Studies on Pollen Submicroscopic Morphology of Some Wild Species and Cultivars of Bramble (Rubus L.)

Pollen submicroscopic morphology of 8 wild species with potential breeding capabilities from Sect. Idaeobatus and Sect. Malachobatus and 17 introduced cultivars of bramble (Rubus L.) from raspberry and blackberry were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the pollen grains were prolate and perprolate, 25.52 μm × 15.37 μm - 50.06 μm × 25.65 μm in size. The exine ornamentation was diverse, distinctly different among species even cultivars. For example, it was mainly striate-perforate in Sect. Idaeobatus as well as raspberry cultivars, striate and striate-perforate in blackberry cultivars, which were clearly different from that of any one of 3 species in Sect. Malachobatus. Cluster analysis results indicated that the size and exine ornamentation characters of pollen could reflect the traditional taxonomy of Rubus. A close blood relationship between those raspberry cultivars and the wild species R. coreanus or R. niveus in Sect. Idaeobatus and far blood relationship between those blackberry cultivars and those 3 wild species in Sect. Malachobatus were found.