河西走廊戈壁温室番茄无土栽培基质筛选

为提高番茄无土栽培质量,以番茄品种"金福莱"为试材,研究了6种不同配比基质对河西走廊温室无土栽培番茄生长的影响。结果表明:采用处理Ⅳ(沙∶玉米秸秆∶食用菌下脚料∶商品基质∶鸡粪=4∶5∶5∶6∶3)的基质配比(体积比),番茄光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_2和气孔导度数值最大,植株保持较强的生长势与结果能力,番茄株高、茎粗、单株结果数、单株产量和折合667 m~2产量等性状均显著优于其他处理,分别为178.60 cm、1.13 cm、16.36个、3.12 kg和7 531.68 kg;其果实的可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、VC和番茄红素含量最高,分别为4.15%、0.58%、7.30%、302.2 mg/kg和152.4 mg/kg,明显优于其他处理;因此,在河西走廊戈壁温室番茄无土栽培中推荐使用此配比基质。

Selection of Soilless Culture Medium for Tomato in Gobi Greenhouse of Hexi Corridor

Abstract: In tomato soilless cultivation in gobi greenhouses of Hexi corridor, tomato cultivar ''Jinfulai'' was used as the test material to study the effects of six different kinds of substrates on tomato growth. The results showed that under the treatment IV (sand: corn straw: edible fungus waste: commercial substrate: chicken manure = 4: 5: 5: 6: 3), tomato photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 and stomatal conductance were the largest, and the plant maintained strong growth potential and fruiting ability. The tomato plant height, stem diameter, fruit number per plant, yield per plant and yield per 667 m2 were significantly higher than those of other treatments, which were 178.60 cm, 1.13 cm, 16.36, 3.12 kg and 7 531.68 kg, respectively. The highest content of soluble sugar, titratable acid, soluble solids, VC and lycopene of the fruit under this treatment were 4.15%, 0.58%, 7.30%, 302.2 mg/kg and 152.4 mg/kg, which were better than other treatments. Therefore, it was suggested to select the above substrate treatment in gobi greenhouse of Hexi corridor.