早实核桃物候期观察与避晚霜品种的筛选

针对北方地区核桃受晚霜危害制约生产效益的问题,在渭河平原中部选择避晚霜品种及适宜的授粉品种,对12个早实核桃品种物候期进行了观察.结果表明:不同早实核桃品种物候期各异.早实核桃各物候期(除展叶期)均与有效积温呈极显著正相关.“辽核3号”、“辽核4号”、“香玲”、“鲁光”、“扎343”、“维纳”、“吐来尔”、“强特勒”为雄先型品种；“西林2号”、“西扶2号”、“温185”、“中林5号”为雌先型品种.“西林2号”、“西扶2号”、“中林5号”、“维纳”、“吐来尔”和“强特勒”雌雄花期部分相遇；“香玲”、“鲁光”、“辽核3号”、“辽核4号”、“温185”、“扎343”雌雄花期不相遇；“西林2号”、“西扶2号”、“香玲”、“鲁光”、“扎343”可为“辽核3号”、“辽核4号”、“温185”授粉；“扎343”和“温185”可以相互授粉.“香玲”、“鲁光”、“扎343”的雌花期基本能避开晚霜危害；“维纳”、“吐来尔”、“强特勒”能避开晚霜危害,是渭北栽培核桃的首选品种.

Observation on Phenological Period and Varieties Choice in Avoiding the Late Frost Damage of Early-fruiting Walnut Cultivars

Aimed at the late frost damage in northern region which restricts production of walnut of benefit,choosed avoiding late frost damage varieties and appropriate pollination varieties in Weihe plain,phenological period of 12 early-fruiting walnut cultivars were observed.The results showed that different early-fruiting walnut cultivars had different phenological period.The phenophase(except the leafing stage)of early-fruiting walnut were very significant positive correlation on effective accumulative temperature.’Liaohe No.3’,’Liaohe No.4’,’Xiangling’,’Luguang’,’Za 343’,’Vina’,’Tulare’ and ’Chandler’ were first male type variety;’Xilin No.2’,’Xifu No.2’,’Wen185’,’Zhonglin No.5’ were first female cultivars.Male and female flowering of ’Xilin No.2’,’Xifu No.2’,’Zhonglin No.5’,’Vina’,’Tulare’ and ’Chandler’ was part encounter;male and female flowering of ’Xiangling’,’Luguang’,’Liaohe No.3’,’Liaohe No.4’,’Wen185’,’Za 343’ didn’t encounter;’Xilin No.2’,’Xifu No.2’,’Xiangling’,’Luguang’,’Za 343’ were pollination for ’Liaohe No.3’,’Liaohe No.4’,’Wen 185’;’Za 343’ and ’Wen 185’ could be mutual pollination.The female flowers period of ’Xiangling’,’Luguang’ and ’Za 343’ basically could avoid late frost harm;’Vina’,’Tulare’ and ’Chandler’ could avoid late frost damage,were considered the first choice of walnut cultivation varieties in Weibei area.