蜀葵开花与繁育特性研究

通过野外观察,对蜀葵自然居群的花部特征、开花过程、花粉/胚珠比、花粉生活力和柱头可授性及繁育特性等进行初步研究。结果表明:蜀葵群落花期约91 d,单花持续时间为(3.57±0.14)d。雄性先熟,雄性持续时间为(2.45±0.16)d,雌性持续时间为(1.55±0.16)d。花柱伸出时为直立状态,属柱头探出式雌雄异位,与花药间距离约3 mm。柱头伸出后约2~4 h后开始弯曲,直至与花药接触,此时的花粉生活力为42.33%,柱头可授性最强,存在潜在的延迟自交。授粉处理的结果表明,蜀葵不存在无融合生殖,自交亲和,以异交为主。其柱头裂片的反转运动有可能保证传粉者不足或缺乏时传粉的成功发生。

Studies of the Floral Biology and Breeding System of Althaea rosea

A field investigation was conducted on floral traits,flower opening process,pollen/ovule ratio,pollen viability and stigmatic receptivity and artificial pollination experiments in Althaea rosea.The results showed that florescenece in large scale of Althaea rosea was about 91 d,and the single florescence can last(3.57±0.14) d.Protandrous and the male phase was(2.45±0.16) d,and the female phase was(1.55±0.16) d.The distance was about 3 mm between the stigmas and the anther,it was the approach herkogamy,the stigmas began to curve about 2～4 h after anthesis,and the stigmas can contact to the anther later in flowering.At that time pollen viability was 42.33%,and stigmatic receptivity was the highest,indicating the potential of delayed selfing.The results indicated that no apomixis occurred,the breeding system was outcrossing with self-compatibility based on the artificial pollination studies.The style branches curvature may assure reproduction in the absence of pollinators.