几种矿物元素对紫花杧果果实海绵组织形成的影响

以紫花(Mangiferaindicacv.Zihua)为供试品种,采用地面施钙肥、树干高压注射Ca和K处理,研究紫花杧果果实海绵组织与Ca、K等矿质元素的关系和发病规律。结果表明:海绵组织的发病率随单果重增加而增加,果重200-250g、251-300g、301-350g、351-400g和>401g以上的发病率分别为:10.24%、14.78%、24.91%、23.95%和30.16%,呈显著相关性。在果实生长发育的各个阶段中,病害出现于果实生长的中后期阶段。随着果实成熟度的增加,病害的发生率呈上升趋势。正常果实中的Ca含量应维持0.023%,K含量应维持在1.234%-1.452%,N含量应维持在0.41%-0.58%水平。Ca含量低于0.018%会诱导病害发生;当Ca含量正常时,高K(>1.541%)或低K(<0.966%)也会诱导病害发生。N对病害的影响小于Ca和K。果实中K/Ca小于34或大于62,都能诱发病害。

Effects of several mineral elements on the formation of spongy tissue in Zihua mango fruit

The relationships among Ca and other elements and the physiological diseases occurred in the spongy tissue of Zihua mango(Mangifera indica)fruit were studied at different level of CaCO3 applied in soil and injected Ca and KCl into the trunk by pressure. The results showed that there was a remarkable correlation between fruit weight and the disease occurred in the spongy tissue, the larger the fruit, the severer the disease. When the fruit weight was 200-250 g, 251-300 g, 301-350 g, 351-400 g and >401 g, the occurred rate were 10.24%,14.78%, 24.91%, 23.95% and 30.16% respectively. The disease usually occurred at the late stage of fruit development. The disease occurred rate was the highest when the fruit near maturity. Results of analysis showed that the Ca content of fruit should be maintained 0.023%; K content should be maintained 1.234%-1.452%, and N content should be maintained 0.41%-0.58%. When the Ca content was less than 0.018% the disease will be happened. When the Ca content was normal, and the level of K content surpassed 1.541% or less than 0.966% the disease can be also happened. The effect of N on the disease occurrence was lower than Ca and K. The disease can be induced when the ratio of K/Ca of fruit was over 62 or below 34.