山楂胚离体培养及四倍体诱导研究

以山楂为材料,研究了幼胚和成熟胚离体培养及四倍体诱导技术。花后40 d的山楂幼胚离体培养的成苗率很低,供试的15份资源的成苗率都小于20%。成熟胚离体培养的成苗率较高,调查的4份资源的成苗率均大于50%。用0.5%秋水仙碱+1%二甲基亚砜的混合溶液处理山楂成熟胚48 h,然后在SC+IBA 0.1 mg.L-1+TDZ 1.0 mg.L-1培养基上诱导芽分化。对秋水仙碱处理成熟胚再生植株进行茎尖染色体数目观察,检测的67个隆化粉肉植株中有3个是四倍体,变异率达4.5%。研究建立了山楂多倍体离体诱导体系,为培育山楂多倍体品种奠定了重要基础。

In vitro embryo culture and tetraploid induction of Hawthorn

In vitro culture of immature and mature embryos and tetraploid induction of hawthorn were investigated.The rate forming seedlings from in vitro immature embryo of hawthorn harvested 40 days after blooming was very low and it was less than 20% for 15 tested accessions.But the rate forming seedlings from in vitro mature embryo was high,and it was more than 50% for 4 accessions.The mature embryos of hawthorn was dipped in the mixed solution of 0.5% colchicine and 1% dimethyl sulfoxide for 48 h and transferred to SC solid medium supplemented with 0.1 mg·L-1 IBA and 1.0 mg·L-1 TDZ to induce bud differentiation.Cytological analysis showed that 3 out of 67 regenerated plants of Longhuafenrou were tetraploid and the variation rate reached 4.5%.The system of in vitro induction of tetraploid for hawthorn was developed,and this laid a sound foundation for breeding of polyploid cultivars in hawthorn.