桃树不同生长型及其研究进展

生长型是桃树重要的树体特征,是控制树体大小的遗传因素,与栽培关系密切。综合有关文献介绍了桃树的紧凑型、半矮化型、矮化型、柱型、直立型、短枝型、垂枝型等生长型资源及不同生长型在遗传、形态特征、生理、栽培等方面的研究进展。紧凑型受单位点显性基因控制,树体开张,分枝角度大,萌芽率及成枝力均高,光透过率较低;半矮化型树体介于普通型和紧凑型之间;矮化型为单基因隐性性状,节间极短,树体矮小,叶片密度大,光透过率低;柱型枝条分枝角度小,冠幅小,叶面积指数大;直立型介于柱型和普通型之间;短枝型能形成较多的短果枝,并以短果枝结果为主;垂枝型枝条披散下垂,枝条弯曲。不同生长型之间在氮素、干物质分配和内源激素水平上也存在一定的差异。紧凑型、矮化型由于树冠密度大,光透过率低而在应用上受到限制,直立型和柱型因适应了高密度栽培而更受人们的重视。针对目前存在的生长型分类与命名问题,作者认为应首先考虑节间长度,其次为萌芽率、成枝力等,然后考虑的是枝条的分枝角度。

Advances in Research on Growth Habits of Peach Tree (Prunus persica)

The growth habit of peach trees is a very important characteristic connected with peach growing. It' s a genetic factor that determines the tree size and closely related to peach production. This paper introduces the characteristics of different growth types, including compact, semi-dwarf, dwarf, pillar, upright, spur-type, weeping,etc. Advances in research on inheritance, morphological and physiological characteristics, response to pruning are summarized. Compact type is dominated by single gene and characterized by the highest bud-break of 1st order branches, the widest average angle of secondary branches and lower light penetration. Semi-dwarf trees are intermediate between compact and standard trees. Dwarf is a single gene controlled recessive character. Its stature and internode are the shortest. The branch angle of pillar tree is very narrow and the canopy diameter is small. Upright trees are intermediate between pillar and standard trees. Weeping type is characterized by weeping branches and is always used as ornamentals. In addition, there are also different in the distributions of N, dry matter and response to BA levels in tissue culture. The uses of compact and dwarf type are limited because of their more compact canopy and low light penetrations. On the contrary, the upright type and pillar type attracted more attention because of their smaller canopy diameters and more adaptability to high density production systems. According to the confusion of some names of the growth habits, all the related should work out a new nominate system and give a clear definition together.