高丛、半高丛和矮丛越橘越冬冻害研究

试验在长春进行,2002年10月中旬温度骤降,造成越橘枝条成熟程度差。2003年4月撤除防寒物后发现部分品种不同程度受冻害,调查了高丛越橘品种斯巴坦、蓝丰、蓝乐,半高丛越橘品种圣云、北陆、北蓝和矮丛越橘品种北村、美登,比较了其基生枝、延长枝、2年生枝的受冻枝条数、受冻长度、花芽和叶芽受冻比例,韧皮部受冻级别。结果表明:越橘3种类型中,高丛越橘抗寒能力最低,半高丛越橘其次,矮丛越橘抗寒能力最强。各品种中,高丛越橘斯巴坦受害最重,其基生枝和延长枝受害枝条数和枝条受冻长度分别为82.5％、85.7％和88.0％、95.6％,远高于蓝丰和蓝乐2个品种;2年生枝受害数量和长度斯巴坦为85.2％和76.4％,而蓝丰仅为17.6％和5.5％,蓝乐仅为33.0％和0％;3个品种花芽和叶芽受害比例、韧皮部受害级别也表现出同样趋势。半高丛越橘按抗寒能力由强到弱顺序排列依次为:北蓝>北陆>圣云。矮丛越橘2个品种北村和美登基本无冻害发生。

Studies on the Winter Injury of Highbush,Half-high Highbush and Lowbush Blueberry

The autumn of 2002 was notably different from previous years in Changchun city,Jilin Province. In mid-October the temperature decreased suddenly and blueberry shoots had not ripen yet. Winter injury of ground shoots, shoots and 2 year-old shoots of highbush blueberry cv. Spartan, Bluecrop, Bluejay and half-high highbush cv. St Cloud, Northland, Northblue and lowbush cv. Northcountry, Blomidon were investigated in April, 2003. The results showed that the winter resistant ability of highbush type was lower than half-high highbush type, and the lowbush type was the hardiest one. Spartan, one of highbush type, was more sensitive to winter injury than Bluecrop and Bluejay. The percentage of cold damaged ground shoots and prolonged shoots and the length of damaged shoots of Spartan was 82.5% ,85.7% and 88% ,95.6% Respectively. These were much higher than those of Bluecrop and Bluejay. The percentage of cold damaged number and length of 2-year old shoots in Spartan were 85.2% and 76.4% ,in Bluecrop were 17.6% and 5.5% ,and in Bluejay were 33.0% and 0. The damaged degree of floral buds, leaf buds and xylem of these 3 culticars were nearly the same. The cold resistant ability from high to low among half-high highbush tested cultivars was in the order of Northblue>Northland>St Cloud. Almost no winter injury in lowbush blueberry cv. Northcountry and Blomidon were found.