不同施肥深度对酿酒葡萄叶片养分和产量及品质的影响

以贺兰山东麓典型区御马酿酒葡萄基地6年生赤霞珠为供试材料,研究了酿酒葡萄叶片、产量及品质对3种施肥深度(20、40、60cm)下N、P、K配方施肥方式的响应。结果表明,酿酒葡萄叶片中氮含量远高于叶柄,叶片中氮素含量随着生育期的延长逐渐降低,而叶柄中氮含量随施肥深度增加和生育期延长而产生的变化很小,40cm的施肥深度能显著增加叶片中氮素含量;叶柄磷素平均含量高于叶片,全生育期叶片磷含量变化很小,而施肥60cm深度显著促进了叶片和叶柄中磷含量的提高;叶柄中钾含量远高于叶片,施肥深度对叶柄和叶片中钾含量未产生明显影响,但生育后期追施钾肥显著提高叶片钾含量;施肥深度达到40cm时酿酒葡萄的产量最高,而60cm的施肥深度产量显著下降。化肥适度深施到40cm有改善酿酒葡萄糖分的积累且增加糖酸比的趋势;而60cm的施肥深度总糖和糖酸比显著下降。由此说明,适度深施化肥到40cm左右的深度有利于提高肥料的利用率,从而促进葡萄的营养生长,提高产量且改善品质。

Influence of fertilization depth on NPK content in leaves, yield and fruit quality of grapevine

Experiment was conducted with 6-year-old vines of wine cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon grown in alkaline soil and with a long relative cold winter climate.Three fertilization depths(20,40 and 60 cm) were used for studying their effects on the leaf contents of N,P,K,yield and fruit quality.The contents of N,P,K in leaves were examined by regular leaf analysis.The results showed that the N content was higher in leaf blade than in leafstalk.N content in leaf was gradually reduced along with the vine growth.N,P,K fertilized at 20 to 40 cm soil layers significantly increased N content in leaf.But N content in leafstalk was less affected by N fertilization depth and growing season.P content was higher in leafstalk than in leaf blade.Less change of P content was noticed in leaf along with vine growth.However,N,P,K fertilized at 40 to 60 cm soil layers significantly promoted P in both leaf blade and leafstalk.K content in leafstalk was much higher than in leaf blade.No obvious influence was noticed by fertilizing depth.But K content in leafstalk was significantly increased due to applied K fertilizer in late growing season.The highest yield was obtained from the 20 to 40 cm depth fertilization.Increasing trends of sugar accumulation and sugar/acid were observed in grapevine fertilizers applied under 20 to 40 cm.It is recommended the feasible fertilization depth for Cabernet Sauvignon cultivar in this area is 20 to 40 cm which could improve the mineral nutrient utilization rate,fruit quality and increase production.