宁夏地区设施葡萄需冷量和需热量研究

【目的】通过研究宁夏地区设施葡萄品种的需冷量、需热量及二者之间的关系,筛选出适合估算该地区设施栽培葡萄需冷量、需热量的估算模型,为设施葡萄生产提供理论依据和参考。【方法】以宁夏地区设施栽培常用的8个葡萄品种为试材,利用3种需冷量估算模型(≤7.2℃模型、0~7.2℃模型和犹他模型)和6种需热量估算模型(生长度小时模型、有效积温模型、最大积温模型、温度最大值累计模型、平均温度累计模型和热量模型)估算3 a(年)内各品种休眠期需冷量和萌芽期需热量;比较不同估算模型对估算结果的年际间变异系数,探究需冷量与需热量之间的关系。【结果】宁夏地区设施栽培葡萄需冷量因品种不同差异较大,其中‘汤姆逊’品种需冷量最高,‘白宝石’品种需冷量最低,3 a内8个葡萄品种需冷量依次为‘汤姆逊’>‘6-12’>‘红地球’>‘维多利亚’>‘红十月’>‘贵妃玫瑰’>‘奥古斯特’>‘白宝石’;品种间需热量差异较小,其中‘白宝石’品种需热量最高,‘红地球’品种需热量最低,3 a内8个葡萄品种需热量依次为‘白宝石’>‘贵妃玫瑰’>‘维多利亚’>‘6-12’>‘奥古斯特’>‘红十月’>‘汤姆逊’>‘红地球’。对于供试葡萄品种需冷量的估算,犹他模型效果最好,3 a内的变异系数为5.66%;对于需热量的估算,以生长度小时模型最为稳定,3 a内的变异系数为3.83%。尽管葡萄需冷量和需热量均与其浆果成熟期无必然联系,但无论以何种模型估算需冷量与需热量,二者之间都呈负相关。【结论】宁夏地区以犹他模型估算品种需冷量、生长度小时模型估算品种需热量最适宜;需冷量与需热量之间呈负相关。

Chilling and heat requirements of grape cultivars under protected culture in Ningxia area

【Objective】China is the largest country for grape(Vitis vinifera L.)cultivation in the world.Grape can be grown in open field and in protected field,and the protected culture has become more popular in recent years in China.Usually a chilling requirement is necessary for breaking the winter dormancy and a heat requirement is necessary for initiating bud burst of grape.Insufficient chilling requirement and heat requirement would delay the bud burst,inflorescence degradation,and growth of new shoots,leading to poor production low quality of fruits.The experiment was designed to study the chilling requirement,heat requirement and the relationship between them of grape under protected culture in Ningxia,and to screen a suitable model for measuring the chilling requirement and heat requirements for grapes cultivated in protected condition in this region.【Methods】The experimental materials were six-year-old grape vines of‘Red Globe’‘Red October’‘Victoria’‘Thompson’‘Royal Rose’‘White Stone’‘6-12’‘August’in Ningxia,3 models of estimation of chilling requirement(≤7.2℃model,0-7.2℃model and Utah model)were used to estimate the chilling requirement for breaking the dormancy,and 6 models of estimation of heat requirement(growing degree hours model,effective accumulated temperature model,maximum accumulated temperature model,maximum temperature accumulation model,average temperature accumulation model and heat model)were employed to estimate heat requirement for the bud burst after the dormancy.The chilling requirement and the heat requirement were estimated,in the past three years and the coefficients of the variations between the different estimation models were used to select the most suitable chilling requirement and heat requirement models for this region.At the same time,SPSS software were used to determine the correlation between the chilling requirements and the heat requirements estimated by different models.【Results】Through three consecutive years of estimation of the chilling requirements of grape under the protected culture via three models,the smallest inter-annual coefficient of variation was obtained by the Utah model.A big difference in the chilling requirements among the 8 grape varieties in Ningxia was found.‘Thompson’had the highest chilling requirement,with 562-622 h(≤7.2℃model),535-582 h(0-7.2℃model)and 518-544 CU(Utah model);‘White Stone’had the lowest chilling requirement,with 166-185 h(≤7.2℃model),162-179 h(0-7.2℃model),155-165 CU(Utah model).The comparison among three models showed that the Utah model had the lowest coefficient of variation with 5.66%,which should be more suitable for estimating the chilling requirement in the region.By comparing the temperature accumulation of the different heat requirement models in the same period of the three years,it was found the growing degree hours model had the smallest coefficient of variation.There was a little difference in the heat requirement among grape varieties.The growing degree hous model had the smallest variation coefficient among the six heat requirement estimation models for inter-annual three years,which was 3.83%,indicating that the growing degree hours model should be the most stable for the estimation of the heat requirement in the region.There was a negative correlation between the heat requirement and the chilling requirement.although the chilling requirement and the heat requirement of grape was not inevitability related to the fruit maturity period.【Conclusion】In conclusion,the Utah model and the growing degree hours model would be most suitable for estimating the chilling requirement and the heat requirement of the grape cultivars under protected culture in Ningxia,and there was a negative correlation between the chilling requirement and the heat requirement.