枣裂果机制研究

采用浸水模拟降雨、石蜡制片和显微测量技术,以极易裂、中抗和极抗裂品种为材料,测量枣果表皮厚度、梗洼下空腔、果肉空腔和果肉细胞大小及其变化,探讨成熟期枣裂果机制。结果表明,不同裂果等级枣品种之间表皮厚度差异极显著,且极抗裂品种表皮最厚,极易裂品种最薄,中抗品种居中,表皮越厚越抗裂。不同裂果等级枣品种之间梗洼下空腔与枣果比率差异极显著,极抗裂品种比率最小(0.24%～0.26%),极易裂品种最大(0.62%),梗洼下空腔越小越抗裂。不同裂果等级枣品种之间果肉空腔大小差异极显著,极抗裂品种最小(3 380.82～3 879.12μm2),极易裂品种最大(9 300.49～10 809.86μm2),果肉空腔越小越抗裂。果肉细胞大小没有显著差异,但果肉细胞的吸水速显著不同,极易裂品种果肉细胞吸收最快,极抗裂品种最慢,中抗品种居中,果肉细胞吸水越慢越抗裂。这些研究表明枣果表皮厚度、梗洼下空腔、果肉空腔和果肉细胞的吸水速度共同决定了枣的裂果程度。

Mechanism of fruit cracking in Zizyphus jujuba

In order to explore the mechanism of Zizyphus jujuba Mill.fruit crack caused by rain during mature period,the fruits of easily crack variety,medium crack variety and extremely anti-crack variety at maturation stage were harvested to observe the thickness of fruit skin,cavity size under stalk,pulp cavity size,pulp cell size and their changes using indoor fruit soakink,paraffin section and microscopic technology.The results showed that the thickness of skin was extremely significant between 3 varieties with different cracking levels.Extremely anti-crack variety had the thickest skin while easily crack variety had the thinnest.The ratios of cavity under stalk in the fruit were extremely different between 3 different varieties.Extremely anti-crack variety had the minimum ratio which was 0.24% to 0.26%,on the contrary,easily crack variety had the maximun ratio which was about 0.62%.The pulp cavity sizes were also extremely different between 3 varieties.It was the smallest(3 380.82 to 3 879.12 μm2) in extremely anti-cracking variety while the biggest(9 300.494 2 to 10 809.86 μm2) in easily crack variety.Fruit cracking and pulp cell size had no significant correlation.Fruit cracking was closely related to the ability to sop water,the faster the pulp cell absorbed water,the easier the fruit cracked.It is suggested that thickness of fruit skin,cavity size under stalk,pulp cavity size and the water-sobbing ability of pulp cells together result in the jujube fruit crack.