葡萄品种浆果成熟期多样性及归类标准评价

对郑州葡萄圃内260个鲜食和153个酿酒品种的浆果成熟期进行了鉴定评价。在郑州地区,最早熟的葡萄种质材料早莎巴珍珠6月29日生理成熟,果实发育期48d;最晚熟的种质材料大宝10月12日成熟,果实发育期144d,在其间的103d时间里不断有成熟的葡萄品种,表现了丰富的多样性。酿酒葡萄的果实成熟期相对集中,大多数酿酒葡萄品种在8月中旬成熟,7月份和9月份成熟的葡萄品种所占的比例极少。果实发育期≤60d、61～80d、81～100d、101～120d、≥121d的品种次数呈正态分布,果实发育期81～100d的品种占收集品种的53.03%;果实发育期少于60d的极早熟品种和果实发育期多于120d的极晚熟品种所占比例较少。早、中、晚熟品种按照浆果发育期进行归类较为简便。

Evaluation on the Diversity of Maturity Time of Grape Cultivars and Its Classification

The maturity time of 413 grape cultivars in Zhengzhou Grape Germplasm Repository was observed and evaluated. The results showed that the maturity time was quite diverse. The maturity time of the most early table cultivar Early Pearl of Csaba was on 29 th of June in Zhengzhou. The latest cultivar Taiho was on 12 th of December. The little diversity of maturity time was found in wine grape cultivars. Based on the maturity time of the collections collected in the repository the berry development duration could be classified as ≤60 d, 61～80 d, 81～100 d, 101～120 d and ≥121 d. It is considered that the berry development duration is a good criterion for classifying early, medium, and late ripening cultivars.