桃及其近缘种花芽分化特性的比较

以甘肃桃(甘肃桃1号)(Prunuskansuensis)、新疆桃(喀什2号)(P.ferganensis)、普通桃(青丝)(P.persica)为试材,研究了他们的花芽分化特性。结果表明,甘肃桃、新疆桃和普通桃花芽分化顺序一致,都是按花芽分化始期、萼片原基、花瓣原基、雄蕊原基、雌蕊原基这个顺序分化的,但花芽分化各阶段所持续的时间各不相同。甘肃桃、新疆桃和普通桃花芽分化始期不同。甘肃桃花芽分化始期较早,在6月上、中旬已经开始分化,而新疆桃、普通桃则在6月下旬到7月上旬才开始分化。甘肃桃与新疆桃、普通桃雌配子体发育存在差异,甘肃桃形成胚珠原基后越冬,而新疆桃、普通桃则以子房阶段越冬,春季才形成胚珠原基。

Study on characteristics of flower bud differentiation of different peach species

The characteristics of flower bud differentiation of different kinds of germplasm resources of peach were studied by using paraffin section method; materials included Prunus kansuensis, P. ferganensis and P. persica. The results indicated that the flower bud differentiation process of different peach species was unanimous. The process included five phases: flower bud differentiation initiation phase, sepal differentiation phase, petal differentiation phase, stamen differentiation phase and gynoecia differentiation phase. Different peach species had different initiation period of flower bud differentiation. Flower bud differentiation of P. kansuensis started in early to mid June, earlier than that of others. However, flower bud differentiation of P. ferganensis and P. persica, started in late June to early July. The development phases of megagametophyte of P. kansuensis, P. persica ferganensis and P. persica weren't unanimous. P. kansuensis went through the winter in the form of ovule anlagen, while the other species shaped ovule anlagen in the next spring.