滇西北松口蘑菌塘的生态因子调查

以滇西北丽江市拉市乡松口蘑(Tricholoma matsutake)产地为例,进行了松口蘑菌塘生态因子的调查。结果发现:(1)松口蘑菌塘多集群分布于狭窄的山脊及西南坡,坡面坡度在30~60°之间,上层云南松荫蔽度0.4~0.6,下层高山栎、黄背栎等灌木丛荫蔽度达0.7~0.9,落叶层及腐质层1~6 cm;(2)出菇期间菌塘地表附近空气的平均温度14.1℃,平均相对湿度78.7%;(3)出菇期间菌塘的地下温度在15.0~20.5℃之间,西南坡的菌塘温度相对较高;(4)菌塘土壤的含水量比非菌塘土壤的含水量低,出菇期间平均低16.7%;(5)菌塘土pH约为5.5,比非菌塘土低7.9%;(6)菌塘土除全钾的含量比非菌塘土高之外,其余营养成分均比非菌塘的低。

Ecological Factors Associated with Tricholoma matsutake Shiroes in Northwest Yunnan Province

Ecological factors associated with Tricholoma matsutake shiroes(large contiguous areas of fungal mycelium growing on or under the surface of the soil) located in a mountainous area in Lashi,Lijiang,northwestern Yunnan Province,China,were investigated.Our data indicated that T.matsutake shiroes are usually distributed in clusters on the narrow mountain ridges and southern slopes(with a 30-60° incline),where the shading rates provided by the upper pine tree and the lower oak bush cover vary between 0.4-0.6 and 0.7-0.9,respectively,and where the layer of fallen leaves and humus is between one to six cm thick.During fruiting,the average temperature and relative humidity above the shiroes was 14.1 ℃ and 78.7%,respectively.Temperatures recorded in the shiro soils ranged between 15.0-20.5 ℃,and were higher in the soil on southwestern slopes compared with other slopes.The moisture content and pH value(5.5) was 16.7% and 7.9% lower,respectively in shiro soil compared with adjacent non-shiro soil.The amounts of total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,total phosphate,available phosphate,available potassium and organic carbon were lower in a shiro soil sample compared with adjacent non-shiro soil,although total potassium levels at lower soil depths were higher in the shiro soil.