双砧木嫁接对温室黄瓜生长、产量和品质的影响

采用改善品质的京欣砧5号南瓜和提高抗逆性的云南黑籽南瓜为砧木,以津优35号为接穗,对单砧木嫁接、双砧木嫁接和自根黄瓜在日光温室条件下植株生长、肥水利用率、产量和品质等性状进行了比较分析。结果表明:嫁接均显著提高植株的株高、茎粗、叶片数、最大叶面积、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,水分利用率和对N、P、K、Ca、Mg的吸收量显著高于自根对照;双砧处理的单株产量、瓜数和单果质量均显著高于京欣砧和自根对照,缓和了单砧木嫁接增加果柄长的趋势;双砧木嫁接显著提高果实可溶性糖含量,且果实VC含量和糖酸比高于黑籽南瓜砧和自根对照;嫁接处理对第1雌花节位、根系活力、果实横径、果实纵径、果形指数、果实含水量等性状没有显著影响。双砧处理综合了京欣砧5号和黑籽南瓜两个单砧处理的优良特性,促进了对肥水的吸收,提高植株的生长势,既高产又优质。

Effects of Double-stock Grafting on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Cucumber in Greenhouse

This paper uses quality improved pumpkin‘Jingxinzhen No.5’and stress resistance enhanced Cucurbita ficifolia as rootstock,and cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)cultivar‘Jinyou No.35’as scion.Under single-stock and double-stock conditions in greenhouse,the plant growth,water and fertilizer utilization efficiency,yield and quality of these 2 different grafted cucumbers were analyzed and compared.The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter,leaf numbers,the largest leaf areas,chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of double-stocked plants were significantly increased;the water use efficiency and contents of uptake N，P，K，Ca,Mg of grafted plants were remarkably higher than those of own-root plants.The yield and fruit number per plant,the single fruit quality of double-stock were significantly higher than‘Jingxin No.5’and own-root treatments.The single-stock increased the fruit stalk length,while double-stock relieved this tendency.Double-stock could significantly increase solution sugar content.The VC contents and sugar-acid ratio were also higher than that of C.ficifolia and own-root treatments.In term of the first female flower node,root activity,fruit length,fruit width,L/D index,and moisture content,graft treatment exerted no effect on them.The above results demonstrated that double-stock possessed characteristics of‘Jingxin No.5’and C.ficifolia,promoted water and fertilizer absorption,and could improve plant growth vigor,yield and quality.So double-stock was the best grafting combination.