有机土基质栽培对生姜产量及氮磷钾利用效率的影响

为提高生姜有机土基质栽培的肥料利用效率，设土壤栽培不施肥（CK1）和常规土壤栽培（CK2）两个对照，研究了有机土基质栽培不施肥（T1）、有机土基质栽培与土壤栽培等量施肥（T2）、有机土基质栽培与按目标产量需肥量施肥（T3）对生姜生长及氮磷钾吸收利用特性的影响。结果表明，生姜植株生长量以T2、T3较高，T1较低，CK2居中，T1的生物产量、经济产量分别比CK2降低27.63%、23.01%，而T2、T3则分别比CK2提高17.46%、15.36%和11.05%、13.04%|T2的生物产量显著高于T3，但经济产量则与T3无显著差异。生姜对氮（N）、磷（P2O5）、钾（K2O）利用率以T3较高，分别达35.11%、22.81%和46.25%，较CK2分别高7.31个百分点、3.65个百分点和14.98个百分点|T3的氮、钾利用率也显著高于T2，但二者对磷的利用率无显著差异。生姜肥料农学效率及偏生产力均以T3较高，分别达14.46 kg?kg-1和45.34 kg?kg-1，而T2和CK2仅分别为10.26、30.86 kg?kg-1和11.25、26.75 kg?kg-1。表明生姜有机土基质栽培适量施用速效化肥有利于提高肥效和生产能力。

Effect of Organic Soil Substrate Cultivation on Ginger Yield and NPK Utilization Efficiency

In order to improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency of ginger(Zingiber officinale Rosc.)cultivated with organic soil substrate,this paper studied the growth,absorption and utilization of N,P and K of ginger,cultivated under organic soil substrate cultivation without fertilization(T1),under organic soil substrate cultivation with equivalent fertilization to soil(T2)and under organic soil substrate cultivation with fertilization according to the target production(T3),with conventional soil cultivation without fertilization(CK1)and conventional soil cultivation(CK2).The results showed that the biomasses of ginger plant was ranked as T2 and T3 higher,T1 lower,CK2 in the middle.Compared with CK2 the biological yield and economical yield of T1 decreased 27.63% and 23.01%,respectively,while that of T2 and T3 increased 17.46%,15.36% and 11.05%,13.04%.The biological yield of T2 was significantly higher than T3,but their economical yields did not have much difference.The utilization rate of N,P2O5,K2O in T3 were at their highest levels with 35.11%,22.81% and 46.25%,increased 7.31 percentage point,3.65 percentage point,14.98 percentage point than that of CK2,respectively.Meanwhile the utilization rate of N,K2O of T3 were also higher than that of T2.However,their utilization rates of P2O5 did not have much difference.The ginger agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of T3 were respectively 14.46 kg·kg-1 and 45.34 kg·kg-1.That of T2 and CK2 were only 10.26 kg·kg-1,30.86 kg·kg-1 and 11.25 kg·kg-1,26.75 kg·kg-1,respectively.These results indicated that applying appropriate amount of available fertilizer to organic soil substrate cultivation could improve fertilizer efficiency and productivity of ginger.