不同栽培密度和钾钠离子处理对基质培番茄产量与品质的影响

以优质番茄品种京采6 号为试材，研究了不同栽培密度（3.8、5.0 株 · m^-2）与离子处理（K⁺、Na⁺）对基质培番茄生长、产量与品质的影响，构建了番茄果实品质综合评价指数TQI。结果表明：提高营养液中的K⁺ 浓度，能够在不影响产量的同时增加番茄第2 穗果实可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、糖酸比和VC 含量；栽培密度对番茄产量和品质的影响较小；栽培密度× 离子互作显著影响了第1 穗果实有机酸、亚硝酸盐含量与糖酸比；第2 穗果是生产高品质番茄的关键，其在3.8 株 · m^-2与高K+ 营养液条件下可获得最高的TQI。综合来看，建议在实际生产中控制栽培密度为3.8 株 · m^-2，同时采用高K+ 营养液灌溉，可在稳产条件下获得高品质番茄。

Effects of Different Cultivation Densities and K+，Na+ Ion Treatments on Tomato Yield and Quality under Substrate Cultivation

Taking tomato variety‘ Jingcai No. 6’ as test material，this paper studied the effects of different cultivation densities（CD）（3.8，5.0 plants · m^-2）and ion treatments（IT）（K⁺，Na⁺） on plant growth，fruit yield and fruit quality of substrate-cultivated tomato，and constructed TQI（tomato quality index）that could be used to comprehensively evaluate tomato fruit quality．The results showed that raising K⁺ concentration in nutrient solution could increase the contents of soluble sugar，soluble solid，sugar-to-acid ratio（SAR）and VC in the second tomato fruit set，without influencing tomato yield．Although cultivation density（CD） had no significant influence on tomato yield and quality，the content of organic acid and nitrite and SAR of the first tomato fruit set was significantly affected by CD×IT interaction．In addition，the second fruit set was the key for producing high quality tomato，and it showed the highest TQI when 3.8 plants · m^-2 combined with K+-rich nutrient solution．Taken together，it is suggested that in actual production controlling CD at 3.8 plants · m-2 and adopting irrigation with K⁺-rich nutrient solution could obtain high quality tomato and yet receive stable yield．