6种农药在温室和露地辣椒上消解动态及安全使用

采用气相色谱和高效液相色谱技术,在北方露地和冬春温室条件下分别测定了丙溴磷、甲氰菊酯、吡虫啉、乙酰甲胺磷、啶虫脒、三唑酮在辣椒上的残留消解动态和最终残留量。结果表明,温室条件下丙溴磷、甲氰菊酯、吡虫啉、乙酰甲胺磷、啶虫脒、三唑酮在辣椒上的原始沉积量分别为3.13、1.11、1.23、1.29、1.67、0.38mg·kg-1,分别比露地条件下高74.9%、3.7%、17.1%、27.7%、39.2%、111.1%;施药后1d温室辣椒上的残留量分别为3.78、1.27、1.88、1.36、2.85、0.58mg·kg-1,分别较原始沉积量高20.8%、14.4%、52.8%、5.4%、70.7%、52.6%。丙溴磷、甲氰菊酯、吡虫啉、乙酰甲胺磷、啶虫脒、三唑酮在北方冬春设施辣椒上的原始沉积量明显高于露地条件下的相应值,施药后1d的残留量比原始沉积量明显增加。北方冬春设施辣椒按照推荐剂量使用啶虫脒、三唑酮是安全的,使用甲氰菊酯是不安全的;丙溴磷、乙酰甲胺磷、吡虫啉应严格按照推荐剂量使用。

Degradation Dynamics and Safe Utilization of Six Pesticides on Chili in Greenhouse and Open Field

Gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） were used to determine the residual degradation dynamics and final residues of 6 pesticides（profenofos， fenpropathrin， imidacloprid，acephate，acetamiprid，triadimefon） on chili in open field and greenhouse in North China. The result indicated that the original deposit amounts of 6 pesticides on pepper in greenhouse were 3.13，1.11，1.23，1.29，1.67 and 0.38 mg·kg^-1，respectively，which were 74.9%，3.7%，17.1%，27.7%，39.2% and 111.1% respectively higher than in open fields. In greenhouse，one day after spraying the residues were 3.78，1.27，1.88，1.36，2.85 mg·kg^-1 and 0.58 mg·kg^-1，which were 20.8%，14.4%，52.8%，5.4%，70.7% and 52.6% respectively higher than the original deposit amount in open fields. It turned out that the original deposit amounts of 6 pesticides（profenofos，fenpropathrin， imidacloprid，acephate，acetamiprid，triadimefon） on chili in greenhouse were remarkably higher than the corresponding values in open fields. The residues 1 day after were significantly increased than the original deposit amounts. Acetamiprid and triadimefon were safe on chili in greenhouse，while fenpropathrin was unsafe. Profenofos，imidacloprid and acephate should be applied strictly according to the security recommended dose.