47份鲜食玉米对丝黑穗病和瘤黑粉病的抗性鉴定与评价

2018年通过田间人工接种对47份鲜食玉米杂交种进行了由丝孢堆黑粉菌(Sporisorium reilianum)引起的玉米丝黑穗病和玉蜀黍黑粉菌(Ustilago maydis)引起的玉米瘤黑粉病的抗性鉴定和评价。对丝黑穗病的鉴定结果表明,47份鲜食玉米杂交种中无高抗材料;4份材料表现抗病,分别是三禾甜加糯6号、金辉588、金辉895和黑甜糯520,占8.5%;1份材料盛彩甜3号表现中抗,占2.1%;14份材料表现感病,占29.8%;28份材料表现高感,占59.6%。对瘤黑粉病的鉴定结果表明,47份鲜食玉米杂交种中27份材料表现高抗,占57.4%;6份材料表现抗病,占12.8%;6份材料表现中抗,占12.8%;5份材料表现感病,占10.6%;3份材料表现高感,占6.4%。鲜食玉米新品种中抗丝黑穗病品种比较匮乏,抗瘤黑粉病品种比较丰富,但兼抗两种病害的品种严重缺乏。

Resistance Identification and Evaluation of 47 Fresh Corn Hybrids to Sporisorium reilianum and Ustilago maydis

The resistance of 47 fresh corn hybrids to head smut caused by Sporisorium reilianum and gall smut caused by Ustilago maydis were carried out in fields by artificial inoculation in 2018．The identification results for resistance to head smut showed that there were no highly resistant materials in these fresh corn hybrids．Four of them showed resistance，including‘ Sanhetianjianuo No.6’，‘ Jinhui588’，‘Jinhui895’ and ‘Heitiannuo520’，accounting for 8.5%．One material （‘Shengcaitian No.3’） showed moderate resistance，accounting for 2.1%．There were14 materials showed susceptibility，accounting for 29.8%．The rest 28 materials showed high susceptibility，accounting for 59.6%．The identification results for resistance to gall smut indicated that 27 materials out of 47 fresh corn hybrids showed high resistance，accounting for 57.4%．There were 6 materials showed resistance，accounting for 12.8%．Another 6 materials showed moderate resistance， accounting for 12.8%．There were 5 materials showed susceptibility，accounting for 10.6%．The rest 3 materials showed high susceptibility，accounting for 6.4%．New fresh corn varieties with resistance to head smut were deficient．While， varieties resistant to gall smut were abundant．Varieties with resistance to both diseases were in great shortage．