瑞昌山药遗传多样性及块茎品质变异分析

瑞昌山药是江西省地方名优山药品种,由于长期进行无性繁殖和种植户自留种,品种混杂退化严重,极大影响了瑞昌山药资源保护和可持续利用。对从瑞昌市不同产地收集的12份栽培种和2份野生种瑞昌山药资源进行遗传多样性和块茎营养品质分析。结果表明,12对SRAP引物和11对SSR引物在所有材料中共扩增出50条多态性条带。不同产地材料间存在一定的遗传差异,遗传相似系数在0.415～0.964之间。UPGMA聚类分析表明,当遗传相似系数为0.530时,可将14份瑞昌山药材料分为两类,第Ⅰ类包括12份栽培种,第Ⅱ类包括2份野生种;当遗传系数为0.735时,可将12份栽培种分为3个亚类。品质分析结果表明,不同产地瑞昌山药材料品质指标间的变异系数差异较大,其中纤维素的变化范围最大,变异系数为54.28%,还原性糖的变异系数最小。主成分分析结果表明,瑞昌夏畈镇产地的山药品质较优,适于进一步系统选优和提纯复壮。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Quality Variation of Ruichang Yam

Ruichang yam is a famous local yam variety in Jiangxi Province．Due to the long-term asexual reproduction and self-retaining seed by farmer households，varietal complexity and degeneration of Ruichang yam is very serious，which greatly affects its germplasm conservation and sustainable utilization．This paper collected 12 cultivars and 2 wild species of Ruichang yam from different planting regions of Ruichang City； and carried out studies on genetic diversity and analysis of tuber nutritional quality．The results showed that a total of 50 polymorphism bands were amplified based on the primers of 12 pairs SRAP and 11 pairs SSR from all collected materials．There existed certain genetic differences among materials from different producing areas．The genetic similarity coefficient was between 0.415-0.964．UPGMA cluster analysis showed that all 14 Ruichang yam materials could be divided into 2 groups，when the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.530． The group I included 12 cultivars，and group II included 2 wild species．When the genetic coefficient was 0.735， these 12 cultivars could be divided into 3 subclasses．The results of quality analysis indicated that there were bigger genetic variable coefficient differences among quality index of Ruichang yam materials produced from different areas． Among them cellulose had the largest variation range．The variable coefficient was 54.28%． While，the variation coefficient of reducing sugar was the smallest．Principal component analysis showed that the quality of Ruichang yam produced in Xiafan Town of Ruichang City was comparatively excellent．It was suitable for further systematic selection and purification for rejuvenation．