苦瓜种子大小和单粒质量的遗传分析

以苦瓜自交系K7-359(P_1)和K7-422(P_2)分别作为母本和父本,通过杂交获得F_1,F_1自交获得F_2群体,采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析苦瓜种子长度、宽度和单粒质量的遗传规律。结果表明,苦瓜种子长度和单粒质量的遗传均符合加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型(C-0模型),多基因遗传率分别为84.91%和76.55%,说明对苦瓜种子长度和单粒质量的选择宜在高世代进行;苦瓜种子宽度的遗传符合1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型(D-0模型),主基因和多基因遗传率分别为79.30%和3.86%,主基因遗传效应主要以加性效应为主,说明对种子宽度的改良可以采用组合育种的策略,且适宜在早期世代进行选择。

Genetic Analysis on Seed Size and Single Seed Weight in Bitter Gourd（Momordica charantia L.）

The bitter gourd inbred lines ‘K7-359’（P₁） and ‘K7-422’（P₂）were taken as female and male parents，respectively，to produce F₁ and F₂ populations．Major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model was used to perform genetic analysis for seed length，seed width and single seed weight of bitter gourd． Results showed that the inheritance of seed length and single seed weight were consistent with the polygenic genetic model with additive-dominant-epistasis effect（C-0 model）．The polygenic heritability were 84.91% and 76.55%，respectively，indicating that selection of seed length and single seed weight should be carried out in high generation．The inheritance of seed width was fitted to one pair of additive-dominant major gene plus additive-dominant-epistasis polygene model（D-0 model）．The heritabilities of main gene and polygene were 79.30% and 3.86%，respectively，and genetic effect of major gene is mainly ascribed to the additive effect， indicating combination breeding strategy could be used for genetic improvement of bitter gourd seed width，and it was suitable to conduct selection on early generation．