设施果类蔬菜土壤EC 值动态及盐害敏感性分析

在建立饱和及土水比1∶5（m∶v）条件下EC_e 与EC_1:5 相关关系的基础上，建立EC_1:5 的土壤盐分分级指标，评价了传统管理条件下设施越冬长茬和春茬的土壤盐分动态。结果表明：设施菜田土壤ECe 与EC_1:5 呈极显著正相关，在京郊土壤条件下换算公式为EC_1:5 =0.105 ECe；果类蔬菜中茄子和辣椒属敏感蔬菜作物，苗期和全生育期耐盐性根层土壤EC1∶5 临界值分别为0.10 dS·m -1 和0.30 dS·m ^-1，当季根层土壤EC1∶5 可接受调控范围为0.30～0.50 dS·m ^-1；番茄和黄瓜属非敏感蔬菜作物，苗期和全生育期耐盐性根层土壤EC_1:5 临界值分别为0.30 dS·m ^-1 和0.60 dS·m ^-1，当季根层土壤EC1∶5 可接受调控范围为0.60～0.90 dS·m ^-1；日光温室越冬长茬土壤EC_1:5 均值从定植至翌年3 月一直稳定在0.30～0.34 dS·m ^-1 之间，之后逐渐下降，7 月降至0.15 dS·m ^-1；塑料大棚春茬定植后根层土壤EC_1:5 逐渐下降，4 月之前为0.29～0.30 dS·m ^-1，7 月降至0.20 dS·m ^-1；结合蔬菜作物耐盐指标发现，传统管理条件下日光温室越冬长茬和塑料大棚春茬蔬菜作物在苗期易出现盐害问题；越冬长茬敏感蔬菜作物从定植至翌年3 月期间，土壤盐度易超过其耐盐临界值，需要合理水肥调控以防盐害。

Analysis of Soil EC Value Dynamic and Salt Sensitivity for Facility Fruity Vegetable

AbstractThe electrical conductivity（EC）of different extracts（saturated extract and 1∶5 of soil and water ratio extract）were tested，and the relationship between EC_e andEC_1:5  was established in this study．Therefore，the soil standardized classification ofEC_1:5 was also established．Besides，the study evaluated the soil salinity dynamic of overwinter and spring facility vegetables under conventional management．The results indicated that the soil EC_e and EC_1:5 of facility vegetable fields showed significant and positive correlated linear relationship．Under the soil conditions at Beijing suburbs the reduction formula was EC_1:5  =0.105 EC_e．The critical value of soil EC_1:5  at salt tolerant root layer for sensitive fruity vegetables（eggplant and pepper）
during seedling stage and the whole growing period were 0.10 dS·m ^-1 and 0.30 dS·m ^-1，respectively．And the adjustable value was between 0.30dS·m ^-1and 0.50 dS·m ^-1．For non-sensitive vegetables（tomato and cucumber）the critical value of soil EC_1:5  at salt tolerant root layer during seedling stage and the whole growing period were 0.30 dS·m ^-1 and 0.60dS·m ^-1，respectively．And the adjustable value was between 0.60dS·m ^-1 and 0.90dS·m ^-1．The average soil EC_1:5  value in solar greenhouse from planting to next March in over-winter season was stable between 0.30-0.34 dS·m ^-1，and then declined gradually till July to 0.15 dS·m ^-1．In the plastic shed for spring season，the soil EC at root layer declined after planting，and it was 0.29-0.30 dS·m ^-1 before April．It dropped to 0.20 dS·m ^-1 till July．According to vegetable salt tolerance index，we found that under traditional management condition，the verwinter vegetables in solar greenhouse and spring vegetables in plastic shed were easily suffered from soil salt damage．For overwinter sensitive vegetables uring the Period from seedling to next March，the soil salinity was inclined to exceed its critical value of salt tolerance．Reasonable adjustment between water and fertilizer was needed so as to control the salt damage．