武汉气候特征及大棚蔬菜栽培制度探讨

大棚蔬菜生产在武汉城市菜篮子工程中的位置举足轻重,对武汉1951~2016年地面气象观测资料及2014~2015年冬季大棚小气候观测资料进行分析,结果表明:武汉1月平均气温为3.5℃,冬季46%的天数为阴天,40%为晴天,不利于大棚内温度升高,但在大棚设施环境条件下,武汉1月白昼温度晴天、阴天分别比棚外提高11.4℃和4.9℃,能满足半耐寒性蔬菜正常生长。武汉初春冷空气活动频繁,50%的年份稳定通过10℃的时间在3月下旬及之后,晴天少、阴雨天气多,大棚升温难,难以满足喜温蔬菜生产的温度条件;秋季秋高气爽,75%以上的年份入冬时间在11月16日之后,且晴天多、阴天少,对大棚升温有利,适合发展秋延大棚蔬菜生产。建议调整大棚蔬菜生产结构,减少春季喜温蔬菜比重,增加秋延茄果类蔬菜的种植。

Studies on Climate Characteristics of Wuhan and Cultivation System of Greenhouse Vegetables

Greenhouse vegetable production plays a decisive role in Wuhan City’s Vegetable Basket Project．This paper analyzed the meteorological observation data obtained from 1951-2016 and micro-climate observation data of winter vegetable greenhouse from 2014-2015．The results indicated that the mean temperature in January was about 3.5 ℃，and proportions of cloudy days and sunny days in winter were 46% and 40%，respectively．These climate conditions were not favorable for temperature rising inside of greenhouse．But under the environment conditions of greenhouse in Wuhan，daytime temperatures in greenhouse in sunny day and cloudyday in January，were 11.4 ℃ and 4.9 ℃ higher than that of outside greenhouse，respectively．These conditions could satisfy the growth of semi-cold tolerant vegetable varieties．In Wuhan cold air activities were frequent in early spring．During 50% years from 1951-2016 owing to fewer sunny days and more cloudy days，it was already late March or even late when the temperature was stably over 10 ℃．So it was very difficult to rise the temperature inside of the greenhouse．And it was also difficult to meet the requirement of warm-season vegetables for warm temperature．But in autumn，the sky was clear and air was crisp．And over 75% of the years from 1951-2016，owing to more sunny days and less cloudy days，winter set in basically later than November 16th．This condition was favorable for temperature rising in greenhouse and suitable for developing late autumn vegetable production．So we suggest that it is necessary to adjust the greenhouse vegetable production by reducing the ratio of warmseason vegetables proportion in spring and increasing the plantation of late autumn solanaceous vegetables.