几种菊科蔬菜种子的核型研究

选取菊科蔬菜中5个不同类型的栽培品种为试材，利用解剖镜对其种子形态进行观察，同时采用常规压片法对其核型进行分析和比较。结果表明：纯香油麦菜的核型公式为2n=2x=18=10 m+8 sm，核型分类属于2A型|大速生的核型公式为2n=2x=18=8 m+10 sm，核型分类属于2A型|八甲唛和花芽甜唛菜的核型公式均为2n=2x=18=4 m+14 sm，核型分类均属于3A型|花叶苦苣的核型公式为2n= 2x=18=16 m+ 2 sm，核型分类属于1A型。在种子形态上，大速生和纯香油麦菜的种子形态相似，八甲唛和花芽甜唛菜的种子形态相似，花叶苦苣的种子形态特殊。根据核型分析和种子形态观察的结果，对上述几种菊科蔬菜作物的亲缘关系及遗传多样性进行了初步探讨。

Studies on Karyotypes of Several Compositae Vegetables Seed

Five different cultivated species of Compositae vegetables were used as materials in this study.The morphological characters of their seeds were observed under the anatomical lens.Their karyotypes’analysis and comparison between them were conducted by traditional squash method.The results showed.That the karyotype formula of’Chunxiangyoumaicai’is 2n=2x=18=10m+8 sm,belonging to 2A type.That of’Dasusheng’is 2n=2x=18=8 m+10 sm,belonging to 2A type.That of’Bajiamai’and ’Huayatianmaicai’is 2n=2x=18=4 m+14 sm,belonging to 3A type.’Huayekuju’is 2n=2x=18=16 m+2 sm,belonging to 1A type.About seed morphological characters,the’Dasusheng’and’Chunxiangyoumaicai’were similar,the’Bajiamai’and’Huayatianmaicai’were similar,but the’Huayekuju’was special.The genetic relationship and genetic diversity of these vegetables were preliminarily discussed according to the above results.