11个葡萄品种在乐山地区的花芽分化规律

研究了11个葡萄品种3年生树在四川乐山地区避雨栽培条件下的花芽分化表现。结果表明,结果母枝的花芽分化率,魏可、维多利亚、黑芭拉多、金手指、金优2号和巨玫瑰6个品种的都高于50%,较易形成花芽;户太8号、巨峰、夏黑的在43%~48%;美人指和红指较难形成花芽。结果母枝不同节位的花芽分化率,多数品种在第3节位≥50%;结果枝上花穗着生节位在第3.8~4.9节,其中双花率以巨玫瑰、巨峰和户太8号较高,分别为83.45%、73.61%和73.06%。以结果母枝的花芽分化率≥50%节位作为冬剪的最低节位,则金优2号、户太8号、巨玫瑰、金手指、维多利亚5个品种在第3~4节,黑芭拉多和巨峰2个品种在第2~3节,魏可在1~2节。夏黑表现花芽分化率较低,为43.33%,可能与夏黑不耐弱光有关,设施栽培时应加强透光性。

Flower bud differentiation of different grape cultivars in Leshan area

Flower bud differentiation of eleven grape varieties of 3-year-old trees under shelter cultivation in Leshan,Sichuan Province was studied.The results showed that the flower bud differentiation rate of bearing basal branch of Weike,Victoria,Black Barado,Gold finger,Jinyou NO.2 and Jumeigui were higher than 50%;and that of Hutai NO.8,Kyoho and Summer Black were 43%~48%;and that of Meirenzhi and Red finger were 5.56% and 0.00%.The rate of flower bud differentiation of bearing branch was more than 50% of the third node for most varieties,and the node of spikelet bearing was 3.8~4.9.And the rate of double flower was 83.45%,73.61% and 73.06% of Jumeigui,Kyoho,Hutai 8,respectively.Taking the flower bud differentiation rate of bearing basal branch ≥50% as the lowest node of winter cutting,Jinyou NO.2,Hutai NO.8,Jumeigui,Gold finger and Victoria were at 3rd to 4th node,Heibalado and Kyoho were at 2nd to 3rd node,Weike was at 1st to 2nd node.The differentiation rate of flower bud of Summer black was 43.33%,which may be related to its poor light tolerance,and light transmittance should be enhanced in protected cultivation for Summer Black.