美国林业科技发展现状及其战略

对当前美国林业管理机构的设置、有关林业政策的制定、经费财政预算等问题进行了述评,这些方面构成了实现美国林业科技未来发展目标的基础.从美国当前林业科学研究关注的主要领域和重要进展,以及林业科学研究的主要特点和优势可以看出,可持续发展和环境保护是美国林业科学研究的重要国家目标,研究范围趋向全球化,研究内容系统化,研究手段现代化;其中,对于高新技术的实际应用的重视程度,科研、教学和生产推广紧密结合等方面的做法更值得我们学习和借鉴.在遥感和信息管理、森林病虫害、森林监测、农林复合经营研究、森林火灾成因及其防止和林业可持续发展等方面,是美国积极寻求同中国林业科技界开展国际合作的重要领域.

Research Status and Developmental Strategies on Forest Science and Technology in USA

The organization of forest management,research institution,policies making related to forestry,financial budget and research funds in USA were reviewed,all of which are the basis for their future developing objects in the forest science and technology.It was found that the ultimate and important national aims were the forestry sustainable development and environmental protection,based on the analysis of main research areas interested and research progresses in USA.Meanwhile,their research interesting ranges tended to be a global wide,and research methods tended to systematizing and more advancing.They put more attention on the practical use of advanced technologies,such as biotechnology,remote sensing.The close link among research,education and extension can be used as a references for China's forest study.The possible research cooperative fields between the scientists in China and USA include remote sensing and information management,forest disease and insects control,forest monitoring,agroforestry research,contributing factors and avoiding of the forest conflagration as well as forest sustainable development.