日本《种苗法》限制品种出口制度及其启示

作为亚洲最早实施植物新品种保护制度的国家，日本具有与我国相近的文化传统和农业生产条件，能够为完善我国植物新品种保护制度提供立法参考。文中主要介绍日本限制品种出口制度的申请权、撤销权、公示前撤回权等主要内容，并对制度颁布前后进行了对比。日本限制品种出口制度定位明确，并与原有制度形成了较好的衔接机制，自生效以来表现出较好的社会实施效果。我国应立足现有制度基础，加强植物新品种保护政策支持，制定植物新品种保护专门法律，开展限制品种出口制度试点工作，以期为保护我国优良植物品种提供制度指引。

Variety Export Restriction System in Japan’s Seedling Law and Its Enlightenment

Japan, which has the similar cultural traditions and agricultural production conditions with China, is the first country in Asia to implement the protection system for new plant varieties, whose experience could provide references for China’s legislation in new plant varieties protection system. This paper mainly introduces the main provisions about Japan’s varieties export restriction system, especially about application right, cancellation right, and withdrawal right before publication, and compares the situations before and after putting the system in place. Japan’s varieties export restriction system is clear in positioning, and builds a better connection mechanism with the existing systems. It has achieved good social effect since coming into effect. China should strengthen policy support and formulate specific laws for the protection of new plant varieties based on the existing system, and pilot the variety export restriction system, so as to provide an institutional reference for high-quality varieties protection in China.