林木全基因组选择研究现状和应用

全基因组选择（GS）是利用覆盖全基因组的高密度遗传标记对复杂数量性状进行预测的育种方法。在林木种苗阶段根据基因组估计育种值（GEBV）可以利用GS进行个体选择，相比常规育种能增强遗传增益、加快选育进程。该方法无需定位与性状相关的数量性状位点（QTL），相比分子标记辅助育种能极大地提高对微效位点的捕获功效，是具有巨大潜力的林木育种策略。文中系统介绍了GS的概念和优势，及其在林木中的研究现状和应用。我国林木GS研究处于初期阶段，可优先在常规育种较成熟的树种中开展研究，建立林木GS程序为其他树种提供范式。该综述有助于系统了解全基因组选择育种策略和研究进展，并为全基因组选择在林木育种中的应用提供理论和技术信息。

Research Progress and Application of Whole Genome Selection in Forest Tree Breeding

As a modern breeding approach with great potential for trees, whole genomic selection is used to predict quantitative traits by using genome-wide marker data. It can be used for early individual selection based on the genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) at seed and seedling stages, which can enhance genetic gain and accelerate the breeding process compared to conventional breeding. Meanwhile, it captures all genetic variance for the trait explained by the large numbers of small effects without QTLs identification, which can greatly improve the capture efficiency of polygenic traits compared to the molecular marker-assisted breeding. This study systematically introduces the conception and superiority of whole genomic selection and its research and application in tree breeding. Considering that the study on whole genomic selection in tree breeding is still at its infancy in China, it could start with the major tree species cultivated in conventional breeding, whose well-developed breeding program can provide a paradigm for other tree species. This review helps systematically understand the whole genomic selection breeding strategies and their research progress, and provides theoretical information and technical support for its application to tree breeding.