我国国家公园多方化管理探析——以越南丰芽-格邦国家公园共存管理模式为例

以越南丰芽-格邦国家公园共存管理模式为视角,从以下几方面探析了国家公园多方化管理:1）丰芽-格邦国家公园共存管理模式的分析。共存管理模式符合越南当前国情,促进了管理效力的提升,实现了国家公园在生态保育、游憩与经济发展3个方面的目标,但也存在建设目标偏移——"重开发、轻保护",管理主体合作水平低,私营管理主体力量薄弱等缺陷。2）对共存管理管模式的借鉴。文中认为应明确政府管理地位,发挥管理引导作用;引入市场主体,激发管理能动性;培育和引导第三部门积极参与管理,并在此基础上探索出适合我国国情的国家公园多方化管理新路径。

A Study of Multiple Party Management of National Park in China:A Case Study of Co-Management Model of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park in Vietnam

This article analyzed the multiple party management of national parks based on the co-management model of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park in Vietnam. The analysis went in two aspects:1) the co-management model of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park. The co-management model conforms with the national condition of Vietnam, which prompted the management effectiveness and realized the mandates of national parks in conservation, recreation and economy. But there are also some problems, for example, the management fails to achieve its original objectives with more focus on development rather than protection, the cooperation level is low at the level of management body, and the private management bodies have a weak role. 2) the references for co-management model. It is thought that government should play a guiding and leading role in the model, the market should be introduced to give the incentives for management, the third party should be actively cultivated and guided. Based on the analyses, the paper explored the new approach suitable for the multiple party management of national parks in China.