我国重点生态区位商品林规制与补偿机制探讨

重点生态区位商品林是我国社会经济快速转型发展的产物，也是新时代人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间矛盾的体现。从经济学视角看，它从私人物品转变为混合物品，存在明显的正外部性，其规制和补偿机制应当以外部性内部化为导向。文中结合福建永安等地的实践和国外的成功经验，指出应当依据生态服务功能对重点生态区位商品林分层分类并实行差异化的规制和补偿，构建关键利益相关主体的谈判协商平台，强制性补偿和竞争性补偿相结合，发挥有限的公共财政投入的最大效力，实现重点生态区位商品林相关外部性的内部化，以产生正确的社会激励，为深化集体林权改革和乡村振兴夯实基础。

Regulation and Compensation Mechanism of Commercial Forests in Key Ecological Zones in China

Commercial forests in key ecological zones are the outcomes of China’s rapid development in the economic transition, which signifies the contradictions between people's increasing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development in the New Era. From the perspective of economics, it changes from private goods to mixed goods and bears obvious externalities, which indicates the regulation and compensation mechanism should be oriented to the internalization of externalities. Based on the local practices at Yongan City and successful international experiences, the paper argues that the commercial forests in key ecological zones should be stratified and categorized in accordance with the ecological services and functions, and subsequently differentiated regulations and compensation should be implemented. Based on this, the negotiation platform should be set up to encourage the engagement of key stakeholders and compulsory compensation and competitive compensation should be combined to maximize the utility of limited public finance inputs, realize the internalization of the relevant externalities of commercial forests in key ecological zones, and generate correct social incentives. This study is aimed to provide a solid foundation for promoting collective forest tenure rights reform and rural revitalization.