苏联的流沙治理

苏联治沙工作始于1880年,但直至十月革命后才取得了显著成就。主要经验:机械沙障和植灌种革措施阻止铁路沿线流沙的侵袭;林牧结合的植物治沙,固定了流沙,繁荣了畜牧业,实现沙地植被的永续利用。不同的生物气候带采取不同的措施:草原区设置防护林带,实行草田轮作制,既防风固沙,又改良沙土,发展畜牧业和种植业;在半荒漠区采用植物固沙,固沙初期设置机械沙障保护植物;荒漠区利用飞机或汽车混播乡土灌木、半灌木和草本,并与放牧、种植业相结合。文中还对苏联治沙的历史和科研作了介绍。

Shifting Sand Control in the USSR

Sand control in the USSR begun in 1880, but significant success had not been achieved until the October Revolution. Mechanical sand blocks and planting of brush and grass assured the successful sand control along the railways; sand control with plants fixed the shifting dunes and therefore prospered animal husbandry and realized sustained utilization of vegetation in sandy lands. The various measures had been taken in different biological climatic zones: Shelterbelts were established in grass lands and rotation of grass and crops was practised, in this way, the effects of both dune fixation and soil improvement were achieved, animal husbandry and planting industry were developed; in semi-desert areas the method of fixing dunes with plants was used, and in early stage of sand fixation mechanical sand blocks were set to protect plants; in desert areas mixed seeding of local brush and semi-brush and grass were employed, and it was combined with grazing and planting. This paper also gives a brief account of the history and research of sand control in the USSR.