世界国家公园的回顾与展望

国家公园的创意源自美国,世界上现有１００多个国家建有国家公园和准国家公园１２００余座。国家公园的主脉是自然保护和公众游乐。国家公园的管理体制各国有别,但总体上可归纳为中央集权制、地方自治型和综合管理型３大类;无论哪种类型都离不开林业部门的参与和合作。文中介绍了美国国家公园在人事制度,许可证制度和客流量限制等方面所采取一些具体措施,同时也指出了国家公园面临的困难和问题及未来发展的目标和走向。

Review and Prospect of the National Parks in the World

Abstract The notion of national park originated in USA. The first national park in theworld was established in Wyo. -Mont-Idaho in USA in 1872. There have been about1, 200 national parks and quasi-national parks in more than 100 countries up to now. As the world's most important form of nature preservation, the national park has a duble function of nature conservation and public recreation. The administration and man-agement of the national parks and nature reserves vary with countries, and fall into thr-ee types of control: "central government control", "local authority control" and "in-tegrated management". But none of them can exclude the participation and collaborationof forestry organizations. Some detailed measures on the aspests of personnel, conces-sions and the rules that the visitors should observe in the national park system of the U-nited States are introduced. The difficulties and problems at present and the objectivesand development trends are pointed out.