论多功能森林

近一两年来,在我国关于发展"多功能林业"的舆论日渐兴起。其中有些意见比较中肯,提出在多年大力发展速丰林和生态公益林的情况下,今后应当重视多功能森林。而有的意见则把过去存在的一切问题都归咎于没有发展"多功能林业",认为只要发展多功能林业就可以解决一切问题,甚至把"多功能林业"杜撰成一个新理论。忽视多功能森林经营,在强调生态功能的同时弱化经济功能,把大面积的森林(甚至人工林)划为生态公益林而限制采伐利用,甚至限制各种抚育性采伐,的确是我国林业发展上的一个偏差。但是,如果因此就不再重视发展商品林和生态公益林,把全国的森林都搞成多功能森林,那同样也是不妥的。为此,文中将结合国外的情况介绍,阐述"多功能森林"的一些问题。

Discussion on Multifunctional Forest

In the last couple of years,the public opinions of developing"multifunctional forestry"have risen in China. Some opinions are to the point that on the basis of making significant efforts to develop fast-growing and high-yield plantations and ecological forests,attention should be paid to multifunctional forests. But some opinions ascribe all the problems to the failure to develop "multifunctional forestry", thinking as long as we develop multifunctional forestry,any problem can be resolved. In such context, "multifuntional forestry"is even fabricated as a new theory. Ignoring multifunctional forest management, emphasizing ecological functions but weakening economical functions,classifying large-area forests or even plantations as ecological forests and restricting harvest and utilization of forests or even all kinds of cutting for cultivation are really a deviation from forestry development in China. However,it is also unadvisable to slow down the development of commercial forests and ecological forests,and develop all the forests into multifunctional forests. So,combining the situations of other countries,this paper illustrates some problems arisen in multifunctional forest development.