森林生态系统碳储量及碳通量遥感监测研究进展

在全球CO₂浓度持续增加导致气候变暖的背景下，森林生态系统碳储量及碳通量遥感大尺度监测成为关注热点。文中深入分析了当前国内外卫星遥感观测技术对森林碳循环评估的2种途径:1）基于遥感手段估算森林生物量并推算森林碳储量，通过碳储量变化确定森林生态系统的CO₂通量。归纳各类森林生物量遥感估算方法的原理及优缺点，系统评述各类方法在大区域森林碳储量估算中存在的不确定性。2）基于CO₂温室气体观测卫星遥感数据，定量监测森林生态系统与大气CO₂通量，基于交换的CO₂通量推算森林碳储量变化。归纳遥感手段观测森林生态系统与大气CO₂通量的主要数据、方法及优缺点，系统评述各类数据及方法在森林CO₂通量时空变化特征监测、森林碳储量估算等方面取得的进展，重点分析专用CO₂浓度监测卫星数据，尤其是我国自主碳卫星数据在CO₂柱浓度反演算法研究以及不同数据源之间的对比、验证和同化研究等方面取得的进展，总结专用温室气体遥感观测数据在森林碳储量及碳通量监测方面的优势。提出利用遥感手段进行森林生态系统碳循环定量监测的研究展望。

Research Advances in Remote Sensing Based Monitoring of Carbon Storage and Carbon Fluxes in Forest Ecosystem

Large-scale remotely sensed monitoring of carbon storage and carbon fluxes in forest ecosystem has become a hot topic in the backdrop of global warming caused by the continuous increase of CO₂ concentrations. The paper made an in-depth analysis of the two remote sensing based approaches for the estimation of forest carbon cycling:(1) estimating the forest aboveground biomass by using the remote sensing method, and then calculating the forest carbon storage indirectly, the change of which could be used to determine the CO₂ fluxes. This paper summarized the principles, advantages and disadvantages of various remote sensing methods for estimating forest biomass, and systematically reviewed the uncertainties of various models in estimating forest carbon storage in large areas. (2) monitoring quantitatively the forest ecosystem and atmospheric CO₂ fluxes based on the remote sensing data provided by meteorological or CO₂ greenhouse gas monitoring satellites, and then determining the changes in forest ecosystem carbon storage based on exchanges of CO₂ fluxes between forest ecosystem and atmosphere. For this approach, we summarized the mainstream data and methods that can be applied to monitor CO₂ fluxes between forest ecosystems and atmosphere and their strengths and weaknesses, systematically commented the progress of applying these dedicated data and approaches in the spatial-temporal variation characteristics monitoring of CO₂ fluxes and the estimation of forest carbon storage, analyzed the progress in the application of satellite data on CO₂ concentration, especially the data from China TanSat to the CO₂ column concentration inversion algorithm as well as the comparison, verification and assimilation of different data sources, and concluded the advantages of dedicated greenhouse gas remote sensing and observation satellite data in forest carbon storage and CO₂ fluxes monitoring. Finally, the paper prospected the use of remote sensing method for quantitative monitoring of forest ecosystem carbon cycle.