国外林区道路发展现状及启示

林区道路是林业和区域发展不可或缺的基础设施。德国、奥地利等较早实现工业化的欧洲国家林道建设起步早,现已形成了与本国林业生产作业体系相适应的完善的林道路网体系。奥地利林道密度已达到89 m/hm2,德国超过100 m/hm2,英国、法国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰等国家也具备了密集的林道路网体系,而日本、印度、韩国和俄罗斯林道配置水平较低。文中概述了这些国家林区道路的发展现状和经验教训;针对我国林区道路总量不足、等级低下等严重滞后问题,提出合理提高林区道路密度和等级,林道建设要科学规划合理配置、重视森林生态保护,制定林道建设技术标准和规程,减少对环境的负面影响等建议。

Forest Road Abroad: Development and Its Implication

Forest roads are the indispensable infrastructure for forestry and regional development. Forest road construction started earlier in Germany, Austria and other European countries which initially accomplished the industrialization and sound forest road networks have now been formed which is adapted to the forestry operation system. The forest road density has been up to 89 m/hm² in Austria, and over 100 m/hm² in Germany. Besides, Britain, France, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand have also built dense and cross networks of forest roads, while forest roads in Japan, India, South Korea and Russia are developed at a low level. The paper reviewed the status and experiences of forest road development in these countries. Based on the problems in forest road construction in China, i.e., insufficient total length and low grade of forest roads, some suggestions were proposed, including reasonably increasing road density and grade, building forest roads based on scientific planning and reasonable configuration, focusing on protection of forest ecosystem, developing technical code and procedures for forest road construction, and having less impact on environment.