干旱对树木叶片性状及抗旱生理的影响

干旱是树木生长过程中一种常见的逆境。树木为了适应干旱，在叶形态及解剖结构、叶片内含物质、渗透调节及酶调节等方面产生一系列生理变化，以保持渗透势的平衡和清除自由基，避免或者减轻细胞受到伤害。文中综述了干旱对树木叶片形态及解剖特性、比叶面积及叶面积指数、叶片气孔调节及光合生理、叶片内含物质、抗旱生理和叶片脱落及衰老等方面的影响。未来的研究热点是在大尺度上长期研究叶性状和抗旱生理的关系，对叶片性状及其环境进行协同研究，强化常见树木的主要栽培品种和珍稀树种的叶片抗旱研究，通过基因工程和分子育种技术筛选抗旱品种。

Effects of Drought on Leaf Traits and Drought-resistant Physiology of Trees

Drought is a common adversity in the growth process of trees. In order to adapt to drought, trees have a series of physiological mechanisms in leaf morphology, anatomical structure, leaf contain substance, osmotic regulation and enzymes regulation to maintain the balance of cell osmotic potential and remove free radicals for reducing cell injury. This paper summarized the effect of drought on leaf morphological and anatomical structure, specific leaf area and leaf area index, stomatal regulation and photosynthetic physiology, leaf contain substances, drought-resistant physiology, leaf abscission and senescence. Future researches should be focused on large-scale long-term studies on the relationship between leaf traits and drought-resistance physiology, collaborative researches between leaf traits and its environment, researches on the leaf drought-resistance of main cultivars of common tree species and of precious species, and the selection of drought-resistant species through genetic engineering and molecular breeding technology.