林窗效应研究综述

森林群落常发生一些小规模的内源干扰，从而形成林窗。林窗的形成对推动森林群落的演替更新和生态系统发展至关重要。林窗面积的大小与树木的倒伏方式和林冠冠幅及大小有关。林窗面积及林窗内位置的不同，导致其小气候和土壤理化性质等环境因子发生改变，进而影响到林窗内树种更新和物种组成、林窗植被的物种多样性及其微生物和土壤动物的种类、数量等方面。未来林窗研究重点应该放在次生林和人工林的林窗效应，林窗对森林生态系统碳储量影响机制，林窗凋落物分解因子间的相互关系、作用机理和养分循环，不同树种的林窗与最适更新面积的关系，林窗的边缘效应，林窗的土壤动物和微生物动态及过程。

A Review on Effects of Forest Gap

Forest gap is formed by a small-scale endogenous disturbance frequently happening in forest communities. It plays an important role in forest succession and regeneration which contribute to forest community. Gap size is correlated to the lodging ways and canopy size of trees, which varies greatly from the size of only a single crown to vast open fields with diameters of many tree lengths. Gap size and location result in the variations in environment factors such as microclimate and soil physical and chemical properties, thereby affecting species regeneration and composition, the species diversity of vegetation, the types and number of microorganism and soil microbial. The future studies on forest gaps will focus on the gap effect of secondary forest and plantations, the effect mechanism of gaps on forest ecosystem carbon sink, interactions of litter decomposition factors and their working mechanism and nutrient cycling, relationship between gaps of different species and suitable area for regeneration, the marginal effects of gaps, and soil microbial dynamics and process of gaps.