国土空间规划引领下的我国自然保护地规划探讨

在国土空间规划改革引领的背景下，探讨自然保护地规划体系、规划路径及难点对我国自然保护地规划理论与方法、规划制度确立和完善具有重要的理论和实践意义。文中论述了国土空间规划与生态文明建设的协同推进，分析了自然保护地体系重构和“三区”划定工作中综合评价、整合、归并的研究难点，厘清了从国土“三调”到生态保护红线划定过程中的三阶段技术关键点，即编码转换和基数转换摸清本底、生态保护优先的评价技术、综合分析与三线划定；提出了我国自然保护地规划体系融入5级3类国土空间规划的路径，即应开展全国、省域自然保护地体系规划并对接融入国土空间总体规划，专项规划分国家级、省级和自然保护地单位3个级别，详细规划应包括控制性规划、设计与施工等；通过上述探讨，明晰我国自然保护地“三区”划定、生态保护红线划定的研究难点，提出自然保护地规划融入国土空间规划路径的设想。

Discussion on China's Natural Protected Area Planning Under the Guidance of Spatial Planning

Under the background of spatial planning reform, the discussions on the planning system, planning path and difficulties of natural protected area is of great theoretical and practical significance for the establishment and improvement of the theory, method and regime of natural protected area planning system in China. This paper elaborates the coordinated promotion of spatial planning and ecological civilization development, analyzes the difficulties in the comprehensive evaluation, integration and merging of the natural protected area system reconstruction and the delineation of the "three zones", and clarifies the key technical points of the three stages in the process from the third land survey to the demarcation of the ecological protection red line, i.e., the coding conversion and the cardinal conversion to understand the basis, the evaluation technology prioritizing ecological protection, the comprehensive analysis and the three-line demarcation. At the end, the paper proposes the pathway to integrate the natural protected area planning system into five types of spatial planning in three categories, i.e., the promotion of national and provincial national protected area planning and their integration into the national spatial master plan, subject plan at the national, provincial and natural protected area unit levels, and the inclusion of controlling planning and detailed planning into the detailed planning. Based on the above discussions, this paper tries to clarify the research difficulties in delineating the "three zones" and the ecological protection red line in natural protected site areas, and puts forward the idea to integrate the planning of natural protected area into national spatial planning.