长江经济带国家级自然保护区内社区居民现状与发展对策

中国自然保护区多处于地理位置偏僻的贫困落后地区，且在有关法律条文规定下，居民对保护区内资源利用受限，特别是核心区和缓冲区中众多的社区居民给自然保护区管理带来压力，自然保护区保护与社区经济发展之间的矛盾日益凸显。文中通过对重点区域长江经济带国家级自然保护区内居民现状进行调查和分析，探讨不同类型自然保护区内社区居民人口密度、经济水平和自然资源依赖程度的差异，并针对自然保护区内社区发展存在的主要问题包括人口众多、经济水平受限等，提出降低保护区内人口密度、多形式提高居民收入、发展生态旅游和加强可持续经营管理等建议。

Current Status and Development Strategies of Local Community Living in Nature Reserves in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Most of nature reserves in China are located in the remote and poor areas. The utilization for natural resources by local people had been limited with the provisions of relevant regulations, while the community residents living in the core areas and buffer zone of nature reserves bring great pressure on the management of nature reserves, which cause the increasingly prominent conflict between nature protection and the community economic development. Through the investigation among the residents in national nature reserves in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, we discuss the differences in the population density, economic development level and the dependence on natural resources among the different categories of nature reserves. In view of solving the main problems of community development in nature reserves such as the large population and limited income, we also propose some relevant countermeasures, including: 1) reducing the population density in the nature reserves; 2) increasing the income of residents from multiple ways; and 3) developing ecotourism and strengthening sustainable management.