日本森林资源供求变动趋势和经营管理战略创新

丰富的森林资源促进了第2次世界大战结束后日本经济的恢复和高速发展。此后，林产品市场供求、生产经营和产业政策发生了重大变化。文中分析了日本森林资源和森林经营现状、木材供求和森林功能多样化的趋势，以及林业政策、经营管理和技术创新的动向，以期为理论研究和业务决策提供参考。日本在经济高速增长期过后，木材需求量减少，自给率维持低位。近年来，日本林木进入集中主伐利用期，社会对森林生态环保需求增大，森林经营面临着规模过小、国有林缺乏经营活力、年轻劳动力减少等问题。日本森林经营管理创新的重点包括提高科技贡献率、改革林业特别是国有林的生产经营体制、提升森林在生态与环境和经济减贫等多方面价值。目前，上述创新已经效果初现，也是今后日本林业改革发展的主要方向。

Supply-Demand Dynamic Trend and Managerial Innovations of Forest Resources in Japan

Rich forest resources contributed to Japan''s economic recovery and rapid growth after the second world war. Thereafter, great changes have occurred in forest products market, production and management, and industrial policies. This paper analyzed the current status of forest resources and management, wood supply and demand, and functional diversity of forest as well as the forestry policies, forestry management and technological innovation in Japan, with the expectation to provide references to theoretical research and policy-making. After the rapid economic growth, wood demand has been decreasing with a low self-sufficiency rate. In latest years, when forests in Japan enters the utilization stage, and the society presents a rising demand for ecological and environmental services and functions of forests, the forestry sector is challenged by small size of forestland, lack of vitality in state-owned forest, the narrowing supply of young laborers, and the others. In this context, Japan stresses the innovation in its forest management and administration, which puts the focus on the higher contribution of science and technology, production and managerial system reforms especially in state-owned forests, and diversified forestry functions/values in eco-environment conservation and poverty reduction. Currently, the above innovation actions have achieved the initial effects, which will be the future direction of forestry reform in Japan.