90年代世界林业科技发展趋势与我国的对策

作者从宏观上阐述了90年代世界林业科技的发展趋势,着重指出:世界林业科技竞争格局将向多极化方向发展;森林与环境的研究将提高到空前的高度;生物技术在林业上的应用将取得重大突破,并进入实用阶段。根据发展趋势,提出了我国应采取的对策,强调应确立具有我国特色的科技发展道路。

The Development Trends of the World Forest Science and Technology in 1990s and the Policy in China

A general introduction from a macroscopic viewpoint is made by the authors to the development trends in the world forest science and technology in 1990s. It is emphatically indicated that in the past USA and Germany were countries predominating in the development of forest science and technology, but now a multipolar trend appears that USA, Germany, Japan, North Europe, USSR, Canada and New Zealand are all adversaries in emulation, and a few developing countries such as Brazil, China, South Korea and India are striving to catch up in some fields of forest development. In order to ease the contradiction between timber supply and demand, emphasis on utilization of natural forests as the major policy in forestry is shifted to utilization of man-made forests. Owing to the increasing deterioration of ecologic environments in the world, humanity will depend more on forests for ecologic environmental improvement. Timber utilization will be directed to a highly efficient way of comprehensive exploitation. Great breakthrough will be made in application of biotechnology to forestry. Some branches of biotechnology are going to enter a stage of practical application. The forest science and technology are being oriented to basic researches and new high technology which have a higher starting point and a broad prospect of practical application, but are more difficult to execute. In view of the above mentioned trends, the authors recommend a forest policy that China should adhere to. It is emphasized that a way of development having Chinese Characteristics should be predetermined. All should start from realities in China, with labor, material and intelligence concentrated on a limited objective. High priority should be set on important projects, selected out of the most important frontier fields. In researches, cooperative efforts should be made in problem tackling, keeping an acute eye on the advanced international level of the same field. Thus a strong spur is given to the simultaneous development of all branches of forest science and technology. Reform should be introduced in the present scientific and technical systems, with more input made and more qualified personnel trained. International scientific and technical cooperation and exchange should be strengthened, and basic researches should be fortified.